EXTERNAL FACTORS

• Why are ethnic minorities more likely to be in poverty than white people?

  language barriers

  racism

  low income jobs

  asylum seekers

  muslims usually 1 income but multiple kids
• which ethnicities have the highest attainment 8 score?

  Chinese 69.2

  Indian 62
• what is the national average attainment 8 score?

  50.9
• Which ethnicities have the lowest attainment 8 scores?

  Gypsy/Roma 22.7 (usually only boys)

  Black Carribean 44
• which ethnicities have the lowest attainment 8 scores for people eligible for free school meals?


  white 36.1 FSM, no FSM 53.1

  Mixed 40.9 FSM, no FSM 54.9
• Palmer 2012

  almost 50% of ethnic minority children live in low income households compared to 25% of white children
• what is language deprivation?

  being at a disadvantage because they cannot speak English ‘properly‘

  MAY affect their language skills and ability to communicate in written exams
• how many people in England and Wales reported that English is their first language?

  9 in 10

  however much lower in London

  92.3% aged 3 and over speak English as first language
• how many people reported that they could not speak English well or at all?

  1.3% could not speak well

  0.3 could not speak English at all
• what is ethnic identity?

  how a group sees themselves, acts as ‘self-esteem‘ and sense of inclusion within a community
• Ken Pryce (1979)

  there is a difference in impact of colonial rule on self-esteem

  Africans were owned as slaves

  India was ‘taken‘ by the British and became independent in 1947
• Moynihan

  Cultural and Material deprivation

  Black families headed by lone mothers lack the socialisation skills needed to prepare for school norms. Often lack obedience to authority and lack a male role model who is interested in their success

  Financially unstable-may create culture of non-working young people
• Tony Sewell (2009)

  Cultural deprivation

  lack of ‘tough love‘ in fatherless families, promotes perverse loyalty and love in street gangs.

  Anti-education peer pressure is the greatest barrier for black boys.

  Clear cultural differences in socialisation and attitudes to education - MTV Culture
• Ruth Lupton (2004)

  adult authority in Asian households are similar to schools.

  respect for parents rubbed off on teachers, parents supportive of school behaviour policies