C2

Created by

Grace Little

Cards (83)

Ionic bonding is the transfer of electrons between metal to non metal
an ionic bond attraction is when oppositely charged ions are strongly attracted to one another by electrostatic forces
ions are charged particles
when metals form ions lose electrons to form positive ions
when non metals form ions they gain electrons to form negative ions
number of electrons lost or gained is same as charge on ion
metals and non metals form ionic bonds
ionic compounds carry electric charge when molten or dissolved in water due to free movement of ions
ionic compounds have high melting points because the strong electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged ions require large amounts of energy to overcome
covalent bonding occurs when two atoms share pairs of electrons
group 1 elements form 1+ ions
group 2 elements form 2+ ions
group 6 elements form 2- ions
group 7 elements form 1- ions
group 1 and 2 are metals and lose electrons forming positive ions (cations)
group 5, 6 and 7 are nonmetals and gain electrons to become negative ions (anions)
Ionic compounds have structure called giant ionic lattice
in ionic compounds - ions are a closely packed regular lattice arrangement which have very strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions in all directions of lattice
Ionic compounds all have similar properties
ionic compounds can't conduct electricity when they're solid because the ions are held in place
Covalent bonds share electrons
Covalent bonds are between non metals
Covalent bonds are very strong due to the positively charged nuclei of the bonded atoms that are attracted to the shared pair pf electrons by electrostatic forces
Atoms only share electrons in outer shell
To display covalent bonds either use dot and cross diagram or displayed formula or 3D model
substances containing covalent bonds usually have simpler molecular structures
In simpler molecular structures atoms within molecules are held together by very strong covalent bonds, forces of attraction between the molecules are very weak though
To melt or boil the simple molecular compound you just have to break the weak intermolecular forces and not the covalent bonds
Melting and boiling points of simple molecular substances are very low because the bonds are easily parted
Most molecular substances are gas or liquid at room temperature
Molecular compounds don't conduct electricity because they aren't charged and don't have free electrons
Polymers are long chains of repeating units which together form a long molecule of repeating section
Polymers are long chains of repeating units which together form a long molecule of repeating section
Polymers are long chains of repeating units
In polymers lots of small units are joined together to form a long molecule that has repeating sections joined by strong covalent bonds
Most polymers are solids at room temperature because intermolecular forces between polymer molecules are stronger than simple covalent molecules so more energy is needed to break them
The intermolecular forces in polymers are weaker than ionic or covalent bonds
Polymers usually have lower boiling points than ionic or giant molecular compounds
In giant covalent structures all atoms are bonded to eachother by strong covalent bonds
Giant covalent structures have very high melting and boiling points as lots of energy is needed to break the bonds between atoms