the human body

• your body requires a continuous. supply of energy
• cellular respiration provides energy for body maintenance and voluntary activities
• balance of energy intake and expenditure is required to maintain a healthy weight
• how do your cells extract energy from fuel molecules?

  the answer involves the transfer of electrons in chemical reactions
• electrons removed from fuel molecules oxidation are transferred to NAD+ ( reduction)
• NAD passes electrons to an electron transport chain as electrons " fall" from carrier and finally to 02 energy is released
• formulas loss of hydrogen atoms becomes oxidizied C6h1206 glucose + 602+ 6co2+ 6 H20+ ATP+ heat gain of hydrogen atoms becomes reduced
• overview of cellular respiration in three stages
• the three main stages of cellular respiration which one does not take place in mitochondria?


  stage 1 glycolysis harvests chemical energy oxidizing glucose to pyruvate
• atp used prime a glucose molecule which is spilt into two
• three carbon intermediates are oxidized to two molecules of pyruvate yielding a net of 2 atp and 2 naop H
• atp formed by substrate level phosphorlyation which a phosphate group transferred from an organic molecule to ADP
• for each glucose molecule processed what are the net molecular products of glucolysis multiple reactions in glycolysis spilt glucose into two molecules
• sequential steps of glycolysis illustrate how in metabolic pathway each chemical step feeds into the next
• compounds that form between an initial reaction and a final product are known as intermediates
• energy investment phase actually consumes energy in this phase two molecules of ATP used to add a phosphate group to each glucose molecule
• spilt into two small sugars
• step 1- consume energy
• step 2- yield energy
• stage 1 glycolysis occurs in cytosol begins in cellular respiration and breaks down glucose into two molecules of a three carbon compound called pynluvate
• stage 2 pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle take place in mitochondria complete the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and supply the third stage of respiration with electrons
• stage 3 oxidative phosphorylation involves electron transport and chemiosmosis
• NADH and a related electron carrier FADH shuttle electrons to electron transport chains embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane
• most of the atp produced by cellular respiration is generated by oxidative phosphorlyation
• the electrons are finally passed to oxygen which becomes reduced to H20
• fermentation anaberic harvesting of energy