Section D

• reasons for the pilgrimage of grace:

  -the 1534 subsidy act was being collected in 1536 and it was deeply resented

  -poor harvests in 1535 and 1536

  -commoners had complaints about rising rents and enclosure of common land

  -nobility were opposed to the 1536 statute of uses inheritance tax

  -the north was mainly Catholic and believed their faith was under threat

  -dissolution of the monasteries was seen as an unforgivable attack on religion and the poor and sick lost their help

  -northern nobility felt Henry's court was too influenced by Cromwell

  -disliked Cromwell for his low birth and religious views

  -participants saw themselves as Christ's soldiers

  -they wore badges depicting the 5 wounds of christ ans swore a religious oath

  -they marched singing hymns and carried religious banners

  -they restored 16 religious houses in the area they occupied
• rebellion in Lincolnshire:

  -government commissioners were shutting down the monasteries and collecting taxation

  -on 2 October led by Nicholas Melton (captain cobbler) 3000 commoners rose up

  -by 4 October gentry had taken leadership of the uprising and it became a more focused political demonstration

  -on 7 October 10,000 rebels marched on the county town Lincoln

  -a set of articles was drawn up and sent to London complaining about the dissolution of the monasteries amd high taxes

  -Henry responded by sending the rebels a message threatening extreme punishment including the destruction of all their property, it reached them on 10 October

  -Henry also sent a force of 3000 men lead by the Duke of Suffolk

  -gentry withdrew their support and asked for a royal pardon and the rest of the rebels left

  -by 11 October the rebellion was over
• Who led the rebellion in Yorkshire starting in October 1536?

  Robert Aske
• What significant action did the rebels take regarding the river Don?

  They took control of the river Don
• On what date did Aske and 10,000 pilgrims enter York?


  16 October
• What did Aske ensure during the rebellion in York?

  No looting and all goods paid for
• What happened to Hull on 19 October 1536?


  Hull surrendered after a 5-day siege
• Which castle fell on 21 October 1536?


  Pontefract Castle
• Who joined the rebels after the fall of Pontefract Castle?

  Lord Darcy
• Who did Henry raise to control the new army against the rebellion?

  The Duke of Norfolk
• What was Norfolk's initial order regarding the rebellion?

  To crush the rebellion
• Why did Norfolk decide to negotiate instead of crush the rebellion?


  The rebellion was too big and morale was low
• Where did the two sides meet on 26 October?


  Doncaster Bridge
• How many rebels lined the river bank during the meeting on 26 October?


  30,000 rebels
• What was the outcome of the meeting on Doncaster Bridge?


  Agreed to further negotiations
• What did Aske prepare that outlined the rebels' demands?

  The Pontefract Articles
• How many demands were included in the Pontefract Articles?

  24 demands
• What was one of the demands in the Pontefract Articles regarding the church?

  Restore the pope as the church's head
• What did the rebels demand regarding Cromwell in the Pontefract Articles?

  Have Cromwell punished
• What offer did Aske accept on 6 December?


  A full pardon and discussion in Parliament
• What did Aske do after believing he had won the negotiations?

  Disbanded his huge pilgrim army
• What led to the small risings in January 1537?


  Lack of progress in negotiations
• What action did Henry take against the pilgrim leaders?

  Ordered their execution
• How many rebels were killed, including Aske?

  178 rebels
• What was the fate of Aske after the rebellion?

  He was left hanging in chains
• reasons for the failure of the pilgrimage of grace:

  -the pilgrim army had 30,000 men and might have defeated the royal army if Aske had not sent them home

  -moving the army southward as winter approached would have been difficult

  -Askes faith in Henry was misplaced as he believed Henry would keep his promise

  -Henry asked Aske to spend Christmas at Henry's court where he was treated with respect
• significance of the uprising:

  -helped to slow down and reverse religious change

  -in 1538 the act of six articles reversed some of the religious changes

  -the dissolution of the monasteries still went ahead

  -the aftermath of the pilgrimage showed how ruthless Henry could be

  -the large numbers involved in the pilgrimage showed widespread hostility

  -showed that nobles were prepared to turn on Henry and support protests

  -royal power was weakened by not having a royal army permanently available and it showed how much Henry relied on his nobles to deal with his problems