1. Counseling, goals, principles

• Counseling


  An application of social sciences. Provides guidance, help, and support to individuals distraught by a set of problems.

  Guidance is given by applying psychological methods like collection of case history data, personal interviews, and aptitude tests.
• A counselor can be anyone who has received training in counseling techniques and practices. They assist those needing professional help discovering meaning, cope with life’s stresses, and adjust to new environment
• Counseling as a profession

  It evolved out of need for institutionalized services to assist and help individual who are going through distress situations in life.
• Counseling as an art


  subjective dimension.

  Upholds a flexible and creative process whereby the counselor modifies the approach to meet the developing needs of the client. It can be also a associated with the act of giving oneself and being compassionate.
• Counseling as a science

  objective dimension.

  It’s about counselors who are discerning and possesses skills to formulate objective observations and inferences.
• Formal counseling


  indicative of someone in search of counseling requests or time and attention from a person who will listen, who will allow him/her to speak and who will not condemn and criticize him/her.
• Informal helping


  akin with formal helping in some ways such as presence of good listening skills, empathy, and caring capacity. Nevertheless, in formal helping there is a greater degree of confidentiality and objectivity,
• Development goal - assist in meeting/advancing client’s growth and development
• Preventive goal - help client avoid some undesired outcome
• Enhancement goal - to enhance skill and abilities
• Remedial goal - assist client to overcome or treat an undesirable development
• Exploratory goal - examining options, testing skills, trying different activities
• Cognitive goal – involves acquiring the basic foundation of learning
• Physiological goal - acquiring the basic understanding and habits for good health
• Psychological goal – aids in developing good social interaction skills, learning emotional control, and developing positive self concept.
• McLeod’s goals

  1. Insight - understanding development of difficulties
  2. Relating with others - create meaningful relationships
  3. Self-awareness - more aware of thoughts and feelings
  4. Self-acceptance - development of positive attitude toward self
  5. Self-actualization - fulfilling potential
• Autonomy ethical principle - the principle that people should be free to make their own decisions and take responsibility for their actions. Counselor only encourages clients.
• Justice ethical principle - the idea that everyone should be treated fairly and equally, but not treating all the same.
• Beneficence ethical principle - counselors must do what is best for their client’s welfare even if it means going against the law or other rules.
• Nonmaleficence ethical principle - counselors are expected to avoid harming their clients by doing no harm.
• Fidelity ethical principle - counselors have an obligation to keep confidential information about their clients private unless they believe there is danger to themselves or someone else.