[4.3] Technical Terms Used in Research

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  • These are words or phrases that people use in a specific career field. These terms can be any word, phrase or acronym that has a specialized meaning within a particular field of expertise, such as words for equipment, personnel, software or processes.
    technical terms
  • It states your predictions about what your research will find.
    hypothesis
  • In research, it simply refers to a person, place, thing, or phenomenon that you are trying to measure in some way. 
    variable
  • It is the variable you manipulate, control, or vary in an experimental study to explore its effects.These aren't affected by any other variables that the study measures.
    independent variable
  • It is the variable that changes as a result of the independent variable manipulation. It's the outcome you're interested in measuring, and it “depends” on your independent variable.
    dependent variable
  • It is a group in the experiment which a variable is not being tested, such as a test subject that does not receive any treatment.
    control group
  • It is the group in an experiment that receives the variable being tested.
    experimental group
  •  It is the process of assigning participants to treatment and control groups, assuming that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group.
    randomization
  • It refers to the entire group or set of individuals, objects, or events that possess specific characteristics and are of interest to the researcher. It represents the larger population from which a sample is drawn.
    population
  • It refers to the claim that a result from data generated by testing or experimentation is likely to be attributable to a specific cause. A high degree of statistical significance indicates that an observed relationship is unlikely to be due to chance.
    statistical significance
  • In study, it refers to how well the results among the study participants represent true findings among similar individuals outside the study.
    validity
  • In research, it describes the degree that the results of a given study can be repeated or replicated under the same conditions.
    reliability
  • It is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data. It can be used to find patterns and averages, make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize results to wider populations.
    quantitative research
  • It involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data (e.g., text, video, or audio) to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences.
    qualitative research
  • It is the independent assessment of your research paper by experts in your field.
    peer review
  • When researching human subjects, minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits; respect human dignity, privacy, and autonomy. What technical term of research applies to this idea?
    ethics
  • It basically states that there are no statistically significant differences between two or more experimental or control groups.
    null hypothesis
  • It is an opposing theory to the null hypothesis.
    alternative hypothesis
  • It means how sure a researcher is that the results found are not accidental (not by chance).
    significance level
  • These affect other variables in a way that produces spurious or distorted associations between two variables. 
    confounding variables
  • It is the expected outcome of the research.
    hypothesis
  • It cannot be affected by other factors.
    independent variable
  • It can be affected by different factors.
    dependent variable
  • It erves as important benchmarks to compare the results of the experimental group, or the group that is being experimented on.
    control group
  • A study design that randomly assigns participants into an experimental group or a control group.
    randomization
  • It means random assignment of treatments. This way we can eliminate any possible biases that may arise in the experiment.
    randomization
  • Let's say you're looking at the results of a customer satisfaction survey. If the results are ___ ___, they are unlikely to have occurred by chance alone. 
    statistically significant
  • It is something that a researcher tries to disprove.
    null hypothesis
  • It is lost if other researches do research of the same topic but have different outcomes.
    validity
  • It does not stop after gathering data. This is present in your study if other researchers use it as a reference to theirs.
    reliability
  • It is a measure of the strength of the evidence that must be present in your sample before rejecting the null.

    significance level