scared

• symptoms of adhd


  inattentive, hyperactivity, impulsivity
• inattention

  
  

  means a person may have trouble staying on task, sustaining focus, and staying organized
• hyperactivity


  means a person may seem to move about constantly, including in situations when it is not appropriate, or excessively fidgets, taps, or talks.
• impulsivity

  means a person may act without thinking or have difficulty with self-control.
• for an ADHD diagnosis, symptoms must be...

  1.       Excessive for the developmental age.

  2.       Need to be present before the age of 12.

  3.       Must have persisted for longer than 12 months.

  4.       Must contribute to impairment across multiple settings (home, school, work, childcare)
• ASD


  • Poor communication skills across different social contexts (familiar and unfamiliar)
  • Lacks the ability to understand emotional and social cues
  • Poor non-verbal communication skills
  • Struggles to form and maintain relationships
• Poor communication skills across different social contexts

  Difficulty in communicating effectively in various social situations
• Lacks the ability to understand emotional and social cues


  Struggling to comprehend and interpret emotional and social signals from others
• Poor non-verbal communication skills

  Inadequate use of non-verbal communication such as eye contact, gestures, and facial expressions
• Struggles to form and maintain relationships


  Difficulty in establishing and sustaining social connections with others
• Difficulty adjusting behaviour for different social contexts


  Inability to modify behavior according to the social situation
• Struggling to make friends


  Finding it hard to establish friendships
• Lack of interest in their peers


  Showing little or no interest in interacting with others
• normality


  patterns of behaviour that are typical and expected or conform to standards of what is acceptable. Behaviour being consistent with an individual’s usual way of behaving.
• abnormality


  behaviours that are unusual, bizarre, atypical, out of the ordinary, deviating form normal behaviour.
• typical development


  patterns of behaviour that are expected of an individual or that conforms to standards of what is acceptable in the situation. Individual falls in expected age range of development, and is developing at a similar rate to peers.
• atypical


  patterns of behaviour that are not expected, deviate from the norm, can be harmful. Development falls outside of expected age range, at a different rate to peers.
• nuerotypical


  individuals with standard and typical brain functioning, processing and behaviours.
• nuerodiversity

  every human has a unique nervous system with a different combination of abilities and needs.

  Differences in our thinking accounted for by difference in culture or life experiences, and by the fact that everyone’s brains are wired differently.
• adaptive


  emotions, behaviours and cognitions that enable us to adjust to our environment appropriately and cope most effectively.
• maladaptive


  emotions, behaviours and cognitions that interfere with our ability to adjust to our environment appropriately and effectively.
• limitations of cultural perspective

  • No universal agreement, differences within cultures
  • Conflicting ideas within countries
  • Differentiate between atypical and unconventional behaviour
• limitations of social norms

  • No universal agreement
  • Social norms change over time (historical change)
• limitations of statistical rarity

  • Both ends of the curve are rare, but they are in opposite directions, so one is not seen as desirable.
  • Cutoff point is subjective, who makes decision on what is atypical
• limitations of personal distress

  • Even though behaviour is maladaptive and unhelpful, it may not cause someone distress.
  • Personal distress is not sufficient to declare haviour to be atypical, comes down to severity and duration of stress.
• limitations of maladaptive behaviour

  • Hard to quantify (subjective and opinion based)
  • Clashes with statistical rarity because maladaptive behaviour can be very common.
• the cultural perspective


  standards of what is perceived to be accepted by a specific culture.
• social norms


  formal and informal rules about what is normal, what is socially acceptable
• statistical rarity


  what is frequent (typical) or infrequent (atypical.) atypical behaviours deviate from the mean or average.
• personal distress


  whether a behaviour causes someone personal distress. atypical behaviour causes personal distress.
• maladaptive behaviour

  Unhelpful, dysfunctional and nonproductive behaviour that interferes with the ability to adjust to an environment.