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Created by
Danica Paulene
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Cards (19)
Psychology
The
scientific
study of behavior and
mental
processes
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Behavior
Outward
or
overt actions
and reactions
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Mental processes
Internal
and
covert
activity of our minds
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Psychology as a science
Prevents
possible
biases
from leading to faulty observations
Precise
and
careful
measurement
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Four goals of psychology
1.
Description
2.
Explanation
3.
Prediction
4.
Control
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Historical figures in psychology
Plato
Aristotle
Rene Descartes
John Locke
Charles Darwin
Francis Galton
Ernst Weber
Gustav Fechner
Herman von Helmholtz
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Wilhelm Wundt
Father
of modern psychology, established first experimental psychology lab, developed technique of objective
introspection
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Structuralism
Focused on the
structure
or
basic
elements of the mind
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Functionalism
Focused on how the mind allows people to
adapt
, live, work, and
play
to their surroundings
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Gestalt psychology
Believed that the human
mind
imposes meaning to related experiences, advocated
holistic
study of human behavior
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Psychoanalysis
Stressed the importance of early
childhood
experiences, proposed the existence of an
unconscious
mind
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Behaviorism
Focused on observable behavior only, based on the work of
Ivan Pavlov
and
John B. Watson
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Psychodynamic
Modern version of psychoanalysis, focuses on the role of the
unconscious
mind and its influence on conscious behavior and early
childhood
experiences
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Behavioral
Focuses on how behavioral responses are
learned
through
classical
or operant conditioning
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Humanistic
Focuses on human
potential
, free will, and possibility of
self-actualization
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Cognitive
Focuses on how people think,
remember
,
store
, and use information
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Sociocultural
Focuses on the relationship between
social behavior
and
culture
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Biopsychological
Focuses on the
biological bases
of behavior and mental processes
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Evolutionary
psychology
Focuses on the
biological
bases of
universal mental characteristics
that all humans share
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