Motivation

• Definition

  Drive needed to succeed, reasons individuals behave in a certain manner
• Outcome orientated goal

  Refer to comparison of the performance with others such as team mates or opponents
• task orientated goal

  Refer to the athlete comparing their performances with their own previous performance such as from the previous season
• Extrinsic motivation

  Drive due to perform due to external factors

  External factors can include - money, titles, trophies, pressure from others, praise from others
• Tangible and intangible rewards

  Tangible - rewards which can be given a monetary value - prize, money

  Intangible - rewards which can not be given a monetary value - praise from audience
• Intrinsic motivation

  Drive to perform due to internal factors

  Internal factors - satisfaction, enjoyment, pride

  Positives - leads to increased task persistance, which ensures that motivation remains high even after setbacks occur
• Intrinsic motivation elements

  Accomplishments - when athletes wish to increases their level of skill to get a sense of accomplishment

  Stimulation - seeking adrenaline rush of some form of excitement

  Knowledge - being curious about performance; wanting to know more about it and how to develop new techniques or skill that benefit performance
• NACH

  need at achieve

  Willing to take risks, use of approach behaviour, high levels of task persistance, determined, likes performance to be assessed, likes an audience
• NAF

  need to avoid failure

  Unwilling to take risks, doesn’t like performance to be assessed, dislikes competition and challenges, distributes success to external factors and failure to internal factors, use of avoidance behaviour, doesn’t enjoy having responsibility
• approach behaviour

  they are said to be motivated to try to complete very difficult tasks without being afraid of failure
• strategies to encourage approach behaviour

  attribution retaining - ensuring athlete is aware of how they should attribute success and failure encouraging athletes to take on new challenges.
• strategies to help with approach behaviour

  ensuring success by setting achievable goals, raise confidence by giving positive reinforcement praise and rewards, highlight successful role models that have comparable characteristics, credit internal reasons, ensure the athlete experiences success in training
• coaches role - motivation

  coaches shouldnt put too much emphasis on extrinsic rewards this can lead to loss of value and incentives if used to often. intrinsic motivation is better and longer lasting, coaches should:

  offer rewards and incentives such as player of the week, making activities fun and enjoyable, pointing out health benefits, setting goals and targets