Momentum & Collision

• The momentum of an object can be calculated using the formula p = mv, where p is momentum, m is mass, and v is velocity.
• Momentum is the product of mass and velocity
• A force is a push or a pull upon an object resulting from the object's interaction with another object. When the interaction ceases, the two objects no longer experience the force. Forces only exist as a result of an interaction.
• A motion is a change in an object's position or orientation relative to a reference point.
• Speed is how fast you are travelling
• Velocity is speed in a given, it is also a vector quantity which means it has both the magnitude and the direction (ie. 20 m/s east)
• Applied force is a force that is applied to an object by a person or another object
• gravitational forces are the force with which the earth, moon, or other massively large object attract another object towards itself
• normal force is  support force exerted upon an object that is in contact with another stable object
• friction is the force exerted by a surface as an object moves across it or makes an effort to move across it
• air resistance (drag) is a special type of frictional force that acts upon objects as they travel through the air
• tension force is the force that is transmitted through a string, rope, cable or wire when it is pulled tight by forces acting from opposite ends
• spring force  the force exerted by a compressed or stretched spring upon any object that is attached to it
• magnetic force is the force exerted by a magnet
• mechanical force is a force generated by a machine
• stationary motion means there is no displacement of the object, it is not moving or changing its position
• constant motion means there is no change in velocity or speed
• acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes with time, in terms of both speed and direction
• deceleration is a decrease in speed as the body moves away from the starting point
• acceleration is the change in velocity divided by time
• when velocity of an object is held constant, increasing mass of the object will increase the momentum of the object
• when the mass of an object is held constant, increasing velocity of the object will increase the momentum of the object
• momentum = mass x velocity
• The momentum of an object is directly proportional to its mass and velocity. If two objects have the same momentum but different masses, then the object with the smaller mass must have the greater velocity.
• An elastic collision is one in which there is no net loss in kinetic energy in the system due to the collision. Both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved quantities in elastic collisions.
• elastic collision equation: m1v1+m2v2=m1'v1'+m2'v2'
• Conservation of momentum is when in a closed system, the total momentum before and after an event is the same.
• an event is a collision or an explosion
• an inelastic collision is a collision in which there is a loss in kinetic energy but not loss in total momentum within the system. Momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is not. KE=1/2mv^2
• inelastic collision equation: m1v1+m2v2=(m1+m2)v after
• elastic collision equation: m1v1+m2v2=m1'v1'+m2'v2'
• impulse=f*delta t

  impulse is the amount of force action on an object for the given amount of time
• impulse=delta p

  impulse is the change in momentum of an object