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GCSE Biology Unit 2 (Triple)
Topic 8 - Disease, Defense and Treatment
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Pathogen
A
disease
causing
microorganism
e.g.
virus
such as
flu
First line of defence
Skin
and
blood clotting
stops
microbes
entering your
body.
White Blood Cells
(
protect
you in
three
ways) -
ingest bacteria
, make
antibodies
and make
antitoxins.
Phagocyte
A
white blood cell
that
ingests bacteria.
Lymphocyte
A
white blood cell
that
produces antibodies
and
anti-toxins.
Antibodies
(
Y
)
White blood cells
make this
chemical
in
response
to a
pathogen.
It is used to
destroy pathogens.
Antitoxins
Work by
neutralising
the
toxins
made by
pathogens
which make you
ill.
Antigen
The
protein
on the
outside
of a
pathogen
that causes your
immune system
to
respond.
Vaccinations
You are given a
small amount
of the
weakened disease
to get your
body
to produce
white blood cells
and
antibodies
specific to the
disease.
Hybridoma
The
fusion
of
B lymphocytes
with
tumor cells.
Monoclonal Antibodies
Identical copies
of
antibodies
that have been
made
in
laboratories.
