Industry and Economy

• What are some examples of reserved occupations?

  • Skilled engineers
  • Coal miners
  • Shipbuilders
  • Metal Workers
  • Fishers
  • Farmers
• What is a reserved occupation?

  An at home job that is considered essential for the functioning of society during wartime
• Shipbuilding wartime boom?

  • Increases in orders for warships
  • Increased employees
• Metal workers wartime boom?

  • Ammunition led to steel output doubling
  • Glasgow steel was 90% of all steel
• Textiles wartime boom?

  • North British Rubber Company in Edinburgh expanded to produce gas masks, waterproofs and sheets
  • Jute worker wages increased
  • Factories increased yields to meet demands
• Fishing wartime boom?

  • Submarine warfare was unrestricted
  • Could no longer trade with Russia or Germany
  • Royal navy reserve also fished
• Farming wartime boom?

  • Higher demand for food
  • Higher demand for wool
  • Wages increased drastically
  • Loss of fit workers
  • Replaced by land army
  • Loss of horses
  • Fertiliser and feed were hard to find and buy
• Shipbuilding after the war?

  • Shipping built fell drastically
  • Many shipyards closed
  • The navy stopped placing orders which shipyards were dependent on
  • Foreign shipyards were more effective than Scottish ones
  • Fewer fishing boats made as export markets were lost
• Railways after the war?

  • Locomotive production fell by two thirds
  • Companies merged together
  • Job opportunities decreased
• Coal production after the war?

  • Production fell drastically
  • Scottish coal was very hard to mine and produce
  • Other fuels such as oil caused a decrease in demand
  • Wage cuts
  • Workers strikes
  • Scotland gained a reputation of troublesome workers
• Textiles production after the war?

  • Orders of jute from the army stopped
  • Competition from India increased
  • India built many mills
• Farming after the war?

  • Financial aid for farmers was cut
  • Prices fell
  • New machines increased output
  • New machines decreased workers needed
• How the government helped after the war?

  • Encouraged foreign trade
  • Boards set up to produce eggs, potatoes and bacon
  • Taxes on foreign goods
  • Set up department of scientific and industrial research for new industries
  • Farmers grew new products
  • Old machines were replaced
  • Companies worked together to increase production