LEA 2

• Comparative police system


  The process discussing the parallels and contrasts between various police systems, from one police system to another earn new perspectives on international policing
• Safari method


  The researchers use this comparative technique/method to compare various police systems globally, which encourages face to face visit with the subject police system's area
• International criminal police organization

  An international police organization that facilities cross-border police cooperation and also support to prevent and fight against international crimes
• Globalization did not emerge transnational crimes due to syndicates have ease in accessing port to port travels
• Economic or migration theory


  Crime is the result of unrestrained and less regulated migration and over population such as slums
• Folk-communal society


  A type of society that has little codification of law, no specialization among police, and a system of punishment that is too harsh and unjust
• Problem-solving policing


  This model of policing is focused on determining the main root of the problem why crimes exist
• Pro-active policing


  The Philippine National Police prepared for the disaster and calamities that might fore come to prevent casualties and destructive effects
• ROYAL CANADIAN MOUNTED POLICE


  Mounties is the more familiar term for this police organization
• General assembly


  It is the main deliberative organ of the UN and is composed of representative of all member states
• Comparative Police System


  The process of outlining the similarities and differences of one police system to another in order to discover insights in the field of international policing. It is the science and art of investigating and comparing the police system of nations. It covers the study of police organizations, trainings and methods of policing of various nations.
• Why do we need to compare police systems?

  To benefit from the experience of others, to broaden our understanding of the different cultures and approaches to the problems, to help us deal with many transnational crime problems that plague our world today
• Globalization


  The system of interaction among the countries of the world in order to develop the global economy. Globalization refers to the integration of economics and societies all over the world. Globalization involve technological, economic, political, and cultural exchanges made possible largely by advances in communication, transportation, and infrastructure.
• Effects of globalization to Law Enforcement

  • The facilitation of transnational crimes and criminal can be easily achieved
  • There is a need for transnational policing. The cooperation among police organization in the world is vital
  • Training instruction for incoming law enforcement officers must include advanced computer to prepare them as cyber cops
  • Development of new strategies to deal with international organized crime is must
  • Provision of law enforcement with updated legislation related to modernization theory of crime
  • Increasing volume of human rights violations as evidence by genocide and mass killing
  • Conflict between nation
  • Transnational criminal networks for drug trafficking, money laundering, terrorism
• Tun policing system


  A system of policing emerged during the anglo-saxon period whereby all male required to guard the town to preserve peace and protect the lives and properties of the people
• Hue and cry


  Provides for methods of apprehending a criminal by an act of the complainant shout to call all male resident to assemble and arrest the suspect
• Trial by ordeal


  A judicial practice where in the guilt or innocence of the accused is determined by subjecting him to an unpleasant, usually dangerous experience
• Shire-Rieve


  A policing system during the Norman Period when England was divided into fifty-five (55) military areas, each headed by a ruler called the Rieve (head-man or lieutenant of the army). The fifty-five (55) military divisions in England are called shires. The shire-rieve had absolute powers that no one could questions his or her actions.
• Constabuli


  Two "Constabuli" or "The Keeper of the Horse" were appointed to each village to aid the Rieve in his duties
• Travelling judge


  A Judge selected to hear cases which were formerly being judged by the Shire-Rieve and task to travel through and hear criminal cases. The first instance of the division of the police and judicial powers
• Legis Henrici


  Offenses were classified as against the king and individual. Policeman becomes public servant. The police and the citizens have the broad power to arrest. It introduced the system called "citizen's arrest." Grand Jury was created to inquire on the facts of the law. A system which made inquisition onto the facts of a crime and eliminate the "Anglo-Saxon Trial or "Trial by Ordeal System."
• Frankpledge system


  A system of policing whereby a group of ten (10) neighboring male residents over twelve years (13 year-old above) of age were required to guard the town to preserve peace and protect live and properties of the people
• Magna Carta


  A law promulgated by King John of England upon the demand of the Knights of the Round Table forcing the King to sign the same with the following features: No freeman shall be taken or imprisoned except by legal judgment of his peers. No person shall be tried for murder unless there is proof of the body of the victim.
• Statute of 1295


  The law that marks the beginning of the curfew hours which demanded the closing of the gates of london during sundown
• Justice of the peace

  Three or four men who were learned in the law of the land were given authority to pursue arrest chastise and imprison violators of law
• Courts of the star chamber


  A special court designed to try offenders against the state. The room set up is formed in a shape of a star and judges were given great powers such as the power to force testimony from a defendant leading to great abused of power or brutality on the part of the judges
• Merchant police


  Merchant began employing person to protect their property, banks employ guards and night watchmen were hired to watch business establishment and private detectives were employed to locate and identify stolen property
• Parochial police


  Dividing the people of the cities into religious areas or parishes and they bon together and employ their own police to protect them and their property
• Bow street runners


  A group of men organized to arrest offenders, organized by henry fielding, a magistrate in London, in 1749. The name was adopted from the name of the street where the office of henry fielding was located
• Metropolitan police act


  Introduced by sir Robert peel in 1829, this act passed by the parliament of England was the milestone of England police force
• Peel concept of policing

  • The police should be organized along military lines
  • The police should be place under screening and training
  • The police should be deployed by time and by area
  • Police headquarters should be accessible to the people
  • Police record keeping is essential
• Principle of law enforcement enunciated by sir Robert peel

  • Prevention of crime is the basic mission of the police
  • Police must have the full respect of the citizenry
  • A citizen's respect for law develops his respect for the police
  • Cooperation of the public decreases as the use of force increases
  • Police must render impartial enforcement of the law
  • Physical force is used only as a last resort
  • The police are the public and the public are the police
  • The police represent the law
  • The absence of crime and disorder is the test of police efficiency
• New York police department

  The largest police force in the United States
• Texas ranger


  Police force originally created in response to colonization
• Boston police


  First local modern police department in US
• Pennsylvania


  First state police agency established
• Los angeles police department

  Police force that hired 1 female police officer
• Department of home land security

  Federal law enforcement agency in the US which handle US customs, border protection US, secret service, etc
• Types of US Police

  • City Police
  • County Police
  • State Police
  • Federal Police
• City police


  City police are mainly responsible for enforcing the law in their own city. In most cities in USA, who appoints the head of the police department in cities? MAYOR