Utilization of Aromatic plants and derived products

• With the advance of industrialization through large-scale production and modern facilities for processing and utilization, aromatic plants and their products have become very popular.

  Impact of Industrialization
• However, as production costs become more and more expensive, it is necessary to come up with a practical solution, i.e. the invention of synthetic compounds that are almost the same as natural materials. This has considerably reduced the use of natural flavor and fragrant materials.

  Impact of Industrialization
• A substance of oily consistency and feel, derived from a plant and containing the principle to which the odor and taste of the plant are due (essential oils).

  Volatile oil
• In contrast to a fatty oil, a volatile oil evaporates when exposed to the air and thus is capable of distillation.

  Volatile oil
• It may also be obtained by expression or extraction as many volatile oils identical to or closely resembling the natural oils can be made synthetically.

  Volatile oil
• This is also known as ethereal oil.

  Volatile oil
• Two main categories of essential oils' chemical components:

  Hydrocarbon and Oxides
• Monoterpenes


  hydrocarbon
• diterpenes

  hydrocarbon
• sesquiterpenes

  hydrocarbon
• phenolics


  oxide
• Sulphur and nitrogen-containing material

  Oxides
• Common terpenes include limonene, which occurs in most citrus oils; and the antiseptic pine, found in pine and terpene oils.
• Important sesquiterpenes include chamazulene and farnesene, which occur in chamomile oil and have been widely studied for anti-inflammatory and bactericidal properties.
• Includes linalyl acetate, which is a component of bergamot and lavender; and geranyl acetate which is found in sweet marjoram.

  Esters
• common examples are the bornyl, eugenol and lavandulyl acetate.

  Esters
• The characteristic fruity aromas of esters are claimed to have sedative and fungicidal properties.
• Claimed to have sedative properties, the most common being citronellal and neral found in lemon-scented oils; citral also has antiseptic properties.

  Aldehydes
• Equally pungent to the aldehydes in many instances are the ketones, such as jasmone and fenchone found in jasmine and fennel oil, respectively.
• Ketones, such as camphor, carnone, methone and pine comphone, found in many proprietary preparations are effective in upper respiratory tract complaints.
• However, some ketones are also among the more toxic components of essential oils, and are found in pennyroyal and buchu.
• Alcohol within essential oils is generally nontoxic.
• Commonly occurring terpene alcohols include citronellal found in rose, lemon and eucalyptus, also geramnial, bornenol, fornenesol, menthol, nerol and linalool occurring in rose wood and lavender.
• Alcohol has antiseptic and antiviral properties, and in aromatherapy, they are claimed to have an uplifting quality
• Occur in essential oils including ascaridol, bisabolol and bisaleolone oxides and linalool oxide from hyssop.

  Wide Range of Oxides
• The most important oxide, however, is cineole.
• Cineole is also known as

  Eucalyptus oil (Eucalyptol)
• it occurs extensively in other oils such as bay laurel, rosemary and cajuput.

  eucalyptus oil (Eucalyptol)
• It is used medicinally for its expectorant properties.

  eucalyptus oil (Eucalyptol)
• Essential oil

  A) Essential oil

  B) Cosmetics and toiletries

  C) Dental preparation

  D) Medical

  E) Food beverages

  F) Tobacco industry

  G) Adhesives

  H) Paper and printing industry

  I) Textile industry

  J) Petroleum industry

  K) Paint industry

  L) Motor industry

  M) Insecticide industry