Rhetorical terms

• akribeia - accuracy, exactness; shows writer's reliability
• anaphora - repetition of same word at start of clauses
• anastrophe - manipulating the placement of a preposition in a phrase for emphatic effect
• asyndeton - lack of conjunctions; stress contemporaneity + vividness
• brachylogy - excessive briefness
• chiasmus - symmetrical arrangement of words; show 2 ideas of equal significance (Tac)

  e.g. Noun - Adj - Verb - Adj - Noun / A - B - B - A
• hendiadys - 2 nouns linked together by conjunction, where one can be turned into an adjective for the other

  e.g. proelium et periculum = danger and battle --> dangerous battle
• litotes - understatement (often ironic); emphasises reality of situation
• polyptoton - different forms (cases, tenses, etc) of the same word are placed together
• sententia - communicates author's opinion of text
• synonymia - use of synonyms in sequence
• enclosing order - 2 words that agree with each other (e.g. noun + adj) put at the beginning + end of phrase/sentence, enclosing all other words
• variatio - variation in the way 2(+) parallel ideas are expressed or in the use of synonyms
• Tac often uses abstract noun + gen instead of adj agreeing with noun to emphasise noun

  e.g. altitude tectorum (the height of the buildings) instead of alta tecta (the high buildings)
• hyperbaton - the separation of connected words for emphasis or effect