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Paper 1
AO1 Terminology
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Omission
is where
phonemes
are
missing
from
words.
For example,
goin'.
Deletion
is when
sounds
are
removed
from words. For example, cause instead of because.
Assimilation
is when
2 sounds
placed near each other can
affect
each other. For example,
wanna.
Innovation
refers to
changing
something which
exists.
Invention
refers to creating something
new entirely.
Coordinating
conjunctions can be named using the acronym: FANBOYS
Dynamic
verbs are actions that can
start
and
end.
Verbal
verbs are used for
communication.
Mental verbs
are used to describe the
thoughts
and
feelings.
Subjunctive
moods are
hypothetical
situations. For example,
'If i were you, i would be careful.'
Demonstrative pronouns
create a
direct
attention towards something. For example,
'this'
A
definite article
is something specific by using
'the'.
An
indefinite
article is something
general
by using
'a'.
Quantifiers
display a
quantity.
Parenthetical
clauses are
subordinate
clauses but in
brackets.
The 4 types of nouns are:
proper
nouns (names)
common nouns (general terms)
collective
nouns (group nouns)
abstract
nouns (feelings).
Vernacular Language
refers to non-standard language.
A
deictic expression
or
deixis
is a word or phrase that points to the time, place or situation in which a speaker is speaking.
Deixis
is expressed in English by way of
personal pronouns
,
demonstratives
,
adverbs
, and
tense.
An
anaphoric
reference is a
flash back.
A
cataphoric
reference is a
flash forward.
A
euphemism
is used to make something
bad
, look
good.
A
dysphemism
is used to make something
good
, look
bad.
An
oxymoron
is a
juxtaposition
in two phrases.
Affixation
refers to adding a
prefix
to an existing word.
Collocation
refers to words which go
together.
Conversationalisation
refers to the process by which conversations become more
informal.
Conversion
is when a word changes
class.
Addition
refers to the child adding something new into the pronunciation. For example, 'dog' becomes 'doggy'. This is also a diminutisation.
Assimilation
is when the child uses a sound from earlier to make the current word,
easier
to say. For example, 'lellow' instead of 'yellow'.