Wrong 3

• What causes an airplane (except a T-tail) to pitch nosedown when power is reduced and controls are not adjusted?

  The downwash on the elevators from the propeller slipstream is reduced and elevator effectiveness is reduced.

  
  

  (Control surfaces like the elevator work best when large amounts of airflow move over them. A reduction in power will reduced the slipstream of air moving over the elevator, reducing its effectiveness.)
• The mature stage of a thunderstorm begins with

  the start of precipitation.

  The three stages of a thunderstorm are...

  1. Developing stage: characterized by strong convective updrafts
  2. Mature stage: where downdrafts and precipitation begin
  3. dissipating stage: dominated by downdrafts
• Convective circulation patterns associated with sea breezes are caused by

  cool, dense air moving inland from over the water.

  (Land heats up faster than water (think hot sand, cool ocean!), which causes air to rise over land when heated. This creates a low pressure area over land which bringing in cool, denser air from over the water, called a sea breeze.)
• Steady precipitation preceding a front is an indication of

  stratiform clouds with little or no turbulence. 
• The amount of excess load that can be imposed on the wing of the airplane depends on the 

  speed of the airplane.

  
  

  (There is a limit to the load factor an aircraft can sustain before it suffers structural damage. If the aircraft load factor is increased at low airspeeds, it will stall before this limit can be reached. Therefore, at higher speeds, the aircraft can tolerate less of an increase in loading.)
• What factor would tend to increase the density altitude at a given airport?

  An increase in ambient temperature

  
  

  ( Density altitude is an expression of the altitude in the standard atmosphere an aircraft would have to operate with a given temperature and pressure level. The higher the density altitude, the poorer the aircraft's performance. Increases in temperature weaken performance, so this will lead to a higher density altitude.)
• Which items are included in the empty weight of an aircraft?

  Unusable fuel and undrainable oil. 
• The angle of attack at which a wing stalls remains constant regardless of

  weight, dynamic pressure, bank angle, or pitch attitude.

  
  

  (The angle of attack at which the wing stalls remains constant. Weight, dynamic pressure, bank angle and pitch attitude affect the speed at which the wing stalls, but do not affect the critical angle of attack)
• When warm, moist, stable air flows upslope, it

  produces stratus type clouds.

  
  

  (When moist air is forced upwards by a mountain slope, it cools and condenses into clouds. Stable air is characterized by a lack of vertical movement of air, identified by stratus type clouds. )
• During an approach to stall, an increased load factor will cause the aircraft to 

  stall at a higher airspeed.

  
  

  Increasing the load on the wings requires increasing lift to support it. This increases the angle of attack, bringing the wing closer to its stall angle of attack. The aircraft then can only be slowed down a little until reaching stall. 
• In what flight condition are torque effects more pronounced in a single-engine airplane?

  Low airspeed, high power, high angle of attack.
• A common location of clear air turbulence is

  in an upper trough on the polar side of a jet stream.

  
  

  (Clear air turbulence occurs on the trough on the colder side (polar side) of a jet stream. )
• What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard-rate turn to the left from a west heading in the Northern Hemisphere?

  The compass will indicate the approximate correct magnetic heading if the roll into the turn is smooth.

  
  

  (magnetic compass does not have any turning errors on headings of east or west, so it will show the correct heading when you roll into the turn)
• If a private pilot had a flight review on October 30, this year, when is the next flight review required?

  October 31, 2 years later. 

  
  

  (Pilots must obtain a flight review from an authorized instructor consisting of at least one hour each of ground and flight instruction within 24 calendar months.)
• The elevator controls movement around which axis?

  The lateral axis runs through the left and right side of the aircraft.