A correlation where as one variable increases, the other also increases, or as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in the same direction.
the hypothesis that there is no significant difference between specified populations, any observed difference being due to sampling or experimental error.
observer has inherent or deliberate bias towards certain behaviours, conclusions or people
What is Social desirability?
Describes the tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favourably by others
What are demand characteristics?
Demand characteristics refer to cues or clues in a research setting that may influence participants to respond in a certain way, potentially biasing the results of the study.
What is external validity?
issues outside of the investigation, particularly whether the results will translate to other populations, concepts etc.
What is population validity?
whether the sample can be applied to the general population from where it was taken from.
What is criterion validity?
whether a measure in 1 way will relate or predict another variable. may happen at the same time or in the future
What is ecological validity?
Ecological validity refers to the extent to which research findings can be generalized to real-world settings and situations.
What is concurrent validity?
whether a measure will produce a similar score as another test which claims to test the same thing
What is construct validity?
Ability of a measurement tool to actually measure the psychological concept being studied
What is face validity?
whether a measure appears at face value to test what it claims
What is internal validity?
Internal validity refers to the extent to which a study accurately measures the cause-and-effect relationship between variables, without the influence of confounding factors.
What is test-retest reliability?
Test-retest reliability is the consistency of test scores when the same test is administered to the same individuals on two different occasions.
What is interrater reliability?
The method of measuring the external consistency of a test. This method is carried out by different “raters” giving consistent estimates/measures of behaviour
What is external reliability?
Refers to the extent to which a measure varies from one use to another.
What is internal reliability?
Assesses the consistency of results across items within a test
What is a scatter Graph?
A type of plot or mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for typically two variables for a set of data.