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changing economic qorld\
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Changing economic world
geography > paper 2 > changing economic qorld\
10 cards
THE UK
geography > paper 2 > changing economic qorld\
1 card
case study - Nigeria
geography > paper 2 > changing economic qorld\
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Cards (61)
development
the progress of a country in terms of economic growth, the use of
technology
and
human welfare.
GNI
gross national income
demographic
transition
model
falling birthrate shows
economic development
, because less women are having
children
because they're focussing on careers and are in education.
demographic transition model
1 -
high
fluctuating: high birth rate,
high
death rate, population fairly unstable
2 - early expanding: death rate decreases, birth rate remains high, population grows
3 -
late
expanding: birth rate drops rapidly, death rate continues to decrease, population still grows as fast.
4 -
low
fluctuating: low birth rate, low death rate, birth rate fluctuates depending on economic situation.
5 -
natural
decrease: birth rate falls below death rate, death rate increase slightly (aging population), total population
decreases.
immigrant
a person who
moves into a country
emigrant
a person who moves
out
of a country
economic migrant
a person who moves
voluntarily
to seek a
better
life, such as a better paid job
refugee
a person
forced
to move from their country of origin often as a result of
civil war
displaced
person
a person
forced
to move from their
home
but who stays in their country of origin
bottom up strategy
small scale approaches involving
local
people
top down strategy
large-scale,
capital
intensive with involvement from big companies,
charities
and government
outside in strategy
intervention from outside the country (
FDI
)
FDI
foreign direct investment
how to reduce the development gap
share
resources
government increasing
pay
solar
schools
dams
- hydroelectric power,
water
for agriculture
microhydro scheme
benefits:
small business
healthcare -
vaccines
stored in
fridges
because of constant electricity supply
improved
quality
of
life
reliable
energy supply - energy
security
online
education
HIC
high income country
NEE
newly emerging economy
LIC
low
income country
HIC
$
12500
+
LIC
<$
1000
HDI
human development index
> combines 4 factors
literacy rate
life expectancy
education
standard of living
what are the 4 factors of HDI
life expectancy,
education
,
literacy
rate, standard of living
GNI
gross national income
- value of everything produced in a country in a
year
GNI limitations
inaccurate
out
of
date
doesn't
dow variation
- poor, rich
DTM 1
high fluctuating - high
birth
and
death rates
DTM 2
early expanding - development in
healthcare
and sanitation = lower
death rate
population
rises
rapidly
DTM 3
late
expanding - birth rate decreases - education +
contraception
population
slows
but continues
rising
DTM 4
low fluctuating -
birth
rate and death rates low and
fluctuating
large population
but growth
slows
DTM 5
decline -
birth rates
fall below
death rates
population
declines
what stage of the DTM id the uk in?
4
-
low
fluctuating
3 causes of uneven development
physical
,
historical
, economic
economic causes of uneven development
trade already developed in other countries,
tariff rises
, produce only primary products, in
debt
historical causes of uneven development
have been colonised - only developed to produce
raw
materials for manufacture in
European
countries
long history of
war
/ conflict - no
stability
physical causes of uneven development
landlocked,
diseases
, poor
soil
, natural hazards
consequences of uneven development
uneven wealth
international migration
- poor to rich
emergency
aid
short term aid
development
aid
develop
long
term projects
bilateral aid
one gov. send aid to another gov.
multilateral aid
governments
send aid to
international
organisations
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