Bones & Skeleton

• Functions Of Bones

  Supports, protection, movement

  Mineral Homeostasis

  BC production

  Fat Storage

  HHormone storage
• Five Classifications

  Long bones

  Short Bones

  Flat Bones

  Irregular Bones

  Sesamoid
• Short bones

  Cube Shaped Bones - wrist & Ankle
• Long bones

  Longer than wide - Often limbs; humerus
• Flat Bones

  Thin, Flat, slight curve; sternum, ribs, skull
• Irregular Bones

  Complicated shapes; vertebrae , hip
• Sesamoid bones

  Bones formed with tendons; patella
• Osteoblasts

  Bone forming cells that secret bone matrix
• Osteocytes

  mature bone monitoring and maintaining bone matrix
• Osteoclasts

  bone breakdown/reabsorbing that secret collagen-digesting enzyme and acid mixer dissolves calcium phosphate
• Osteoporosis

  Bone disease when bone mass decreases
• Types of bone

  Compact bone

  Spongey bone
• Compact Bone

  Provides protection & support, resists stress. Shell of bone
• Spongey Bone

  Made up of a honey-comb of small needle like or flat people called Trabeculae
• Trabeculae

  Help bone resist stress - spaces betweeen trabeculae are filled with red or yellow bone marrow
• Bone Marrow

  Red - Produces blood cells yellow - store fat
• Histology of compact bone

  Repeating structural unit if compact bone are called osteons
• OsteonsOsteons form around central / Haversion canal; blood cells & nerves lye within
• Lamellae

  Rings that are rich in collagen, surround nutrient canals of osteons
• Lucanae

  Small space between Conventric Lamellae are called Lucanae; osteocytes sit within
• epiphysis

  Name for the ends of a bone
• Diaphysis

  Shaft of the bone
• Metaphysis

  Seperate the epiphysis & Diaphysis
• articulate Cartilage

  Covers proximal & distal end of epiphysis - limits friction
• Periosteum

  Covers diaphysis & epiphysis - protects bone, repair attachment joint of tendons / ligaments
• Medullary Cavity

  Within the diaphysis contains yellow & red bone marrow
• Bone formation - embryo / foetus

  Intamembranus

  endochondral
• intramembranus

  
  

  defines skull bones; skull, face, medical clavicle
• Endochondral

  All other bones
• bones that make up the skull

  22 bones - 8 cranial & 14 facial bones
• 8 cranial Bones

  Frontal, occipital, spenoid, ethmoid, 2x parietal , 2x temporal bone
• 14 facial Bones

  2x; nasal bone, maxillae, Zygemstic, Lacriminal, Palatins, inferior nasal conchae Mandible, vomer
• four sutures of skull

  Coronal - frontal & parietal bones. Sagittal - two parietal bones. Lambdoid - parietal & occipital Squamous - Parietal & Temporal
• Importance of vertebral curve

  Organ protection, balance & movement, shock absorption
• Spinal curvature

  Forward Head. Thoracic kyphosis. Lumbar Lordosis. Sway back
• Forward head

  head stretched forward, due to screens
• Thoracic Kyphosis

  Rounded shoulder - pertruded spine
• Lumbar lordosis

  Often in pregnancy , weight at front abdomen
• Swap back

  feet, hips, shoulder not aligned. Hips behind feet, shoulder behind hips
• Thoracic portions of sternum Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid process