3rd Quarter - General Biology 1

• reproduction: the action or process of copying something
• response to the environment is the ability of an organism to respond to its environment
• growth is quantitative, development is qualitative
• taxis is when animals respond to their environment
• tropism is when plants respond to their environment.
• hydrotropic response is plants growing toward water
• phototropic response is plants growing towards light
• gravitropism is gravity response
• thigmotropism is touch response
• regulation refers to the change in internal environment to adapt to external environment
• evolutionary adaptation refers to camouflage, change in gene frequencies in a population within a long period of time
• evolution is classified into two: microevolution and macroevolution
• microevolution refers to change in the gene frequencies
• macroevolution refers to the formation of new species from existing
• photosynthesis is the process by which green plants convert light energy into chemical energy
• autotrophs can make their own food
• heterotrophs can't make their own food but can move freely
• photoheterotrophs can make their own food and move around
• cells to tissues to organs to organ systems to organism to population to community to ecosystem to biosphere
• first classic cell theory: all organisms are made up of one or more cell
• second classic cell theory: cells are the basic structural and functional unit of life
• third classic cell theory: all cells can only arise from pre-existing cells
• 1st modern cell theory: hereditary information is passed from cell
• 2nd modern cell theory: all cells have the same basic chemical composition
• 3rd modern cell theory: energy flow occurs within cells
• unicellular consists of one cell, multicellular consist of multiple cells
• LUCA: last universal common ancestor
• robert hooke was the first one to discover cells and coined the word "cell"
• anton van leeuwenhoek was the first to observe microorganisms with a microscope
• matthias schleiden stated that all plants are made up of cells
• theodore schwann stated that all animals are made up of cells
• rudolf virchow said that all cells arise from pre-existing cells in which he quoted that "omnis cellula e cellula" or "life comes from life"
• CHNOPS: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur
• macromolecules: protein, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleids
• both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have dna and cell membrane
• both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes and cytoplasm
• the location of dna in prokaryotes is in the nucleiod region, while in the nucleus for eukaryotes
• the arrangement of dna in prokaryotes is circular, while linear in eukaryotes
• there are no membrane-bound organelles in prokaryotes
• the size of the cells in prokaryotes are generally smaller (1-10mm) compared to eukaryotes (10-100mm)