Part 2

• Functionalist theory


  Focuses on the positive functions performed by the education system such as creating social solidarity, teaching skills necessary for work, teaching core values, and role allocation
• Functionalist theory


  • Starts with the assumption that education is an institution, to facilitate the stability of society which emphasizes interconnectedness by focusing on how each part is influenced by the other
  • Happens through passing on society's culture through which a new generation of children acquire the 'central' norms, values and culture of their society
• Conflict theory


  Focuses on issues of contention, power, and inequality, highlighting the competition for scarce resources; focuses on culture as a social product
• Conflict theory


  • Questions the functionalists pertaining to the assumptions that schools are ideologically and politically neutral and that school functions are based on the merit that each learner has the capacity to efficiently improve his or her own ability to meet the demands and standards of the society
  • Believe that the educational system reinforces and perpetuates social inequalities that arise from differences in class, gender, race, and ethnicity
  • Marx contended that schools give a false set of ideas and beliefs to students in terms of education quality. Many believe that there is equality and chance of having quality education
• Symbolic interactionist theory


  • Focuses on how people share symbols and construct society as a result of their everyday interactions
  • Examines what teachers and students "do" in school; they question even the most commonplace, taking for granted actions and interactions, things most people do not question
  • Uses cultural symbols, such as words and non-verbal body language and gestures during interaction. Through this process, people develop a sense of self and create a reality with others
• Cultural capital


  It refers to cultural practices, including dress and mannerisms, language patterns and expressions, and knowledge of the world derived from life experiences such as visits to museums, all of which provide knowledge of class culture of the school
• Social capital


  It refers to the social resources students bring to their education and future involvement in school or community. It results in building of networks and relationships students can use as contacts for future opportunities
• Code theory


  Refers to organizing principles used by members of a social group which reflects and shape the assumptions we hold about our relationship to a certain group
• Feminist theory


  With no single feminist theory, feminist theorists echoed the need to "hear" other voices in the education system, in particular, women's voices, and to pay more attention to the situation of women
• Socialization


  The process of creating a social self, learning one's culture and learning the rules and expectations of the culture
• School


  • An artificial institution set up for the purpose of socialization and cultural transmission
  • A formally constituted community as opposed to mutual communities
• Approaches to socialization in school

  • Formal (classroom teaching, prizes, etc.)
  • Informal (peer group influences, etc.)
• School's role in socialization


  • Exposes students to social standards and values further than those existing in the family and other individuals
  • Teaches students how to write, spell, and excel in mathematics
• People build educational institutions like schools, which are made for students to achieve their purposes
• Socialization through education


  • Develops reasoning in social relations
  • Cultivates social virtues
  • Makes individuals socially efficient
• Education is only part of the process of socialization, but it is a very important part
• School's role in preserving and promoting culture

  • Upholds and develops valued principles, beliefs, practices, morals and ethics
  • Supports and protects them with the progression of time
• Roles of schools


  • Transmission of cultural values
  • Social agreeableness
  • Civic training
  • Promotion of democratic values
  • Development of abilities
  • Fulfillment of national aims
  • Character building
  • Propagation of civilization and culture
• Development of personality


  The development of the personality and character of an individual through the stimulation and progress in the different qualities required by society
• Social control


  Molding the child's early socialization to prepare them for their roles in society
• Social integration


  Incidental learning and socialization amongst teachers, students and others in the institution to impart values and social skills
• Determination of status


  The socio-economic status of an individual is a product of education
• Social mobility


  Educational attainment increases qualification and flexibility in social status
• Social development


  The educational system's role in providing literacy programs for the enhancement and development of knowledge, skills, and values to drive economic and social development