Patterns of Development

• Pattern of development

  It is how an academic paper is put together so that it is easy to follow. Can be built through Narration, Description, Cause and effect, and Examples.
• Narration


  • putting events in logical order
  • tells what happened, where it happened, why it happened
  • the most basic pattern
  • objective - presents facts
  • subjective - conveys impressions or feelings
• Narrative transitions

  • indicate time (early in the morning, after few weeks)
  • indicate place (near the house, by the fence)
• Value Sequence

  first, second, secondly, third, thirdly, next, last, finally.
• Time Sequence


  then, afterward, next, subsequently, previously, first, second, at last, meanwhile, in the meantime
• Descriptive writing


  Text that describes a person, place, thing in a way imagery is form. Written in a more appealing way to draw the reader.
• Importance of descriptive writing

  
  

  1. Brings writing to life.
  2. Makes your writing fun to read.
  3. Strengthens your ability to be more crea8ve
• How to be descriptive?

  1. Engage senses by using details
  2. Use precise synonyms
  3. Use figures of speech
• According to Dayagbil et. al., the use of description plays an important role to elucidate(explain) the nature of people, places, things, and events.
• Objective

  The focus is on the description of the thing being described
• Subjective


  Shows how a writer feels about a subject. Includes personal judgment
• How to give a good description

  • Use modifiers - adjectives, adverbs
  • Use imagery - appeal senses
  • Use figurative language
• Cause and Effect


  A text development pattern that explains why something happens and states what results in a particular event produces. It usually gives a statement emphasizing the cause and another emphasizing effect.
• CAUSE: why something happened

  EFFECT: what happened
• 2R - Reason and Result
• The purpose of a Cause and Effect essay is to determine how various phenomena relate in terms of origins and results
• Exemplification


  It uses one or more particular cases or examples to illustrate a point/concept.
• Purpose of exemplification


  To explain, to clarify, to add interest, to persuade.

  Adds information to elaborate main idea of paragraph/essay.
• Exemplification is a useful tool that can help us better understand and communicate complicated and abstract concepts
• 3Rs

  • RELEVANT – examples must be clearly connected to the topic.
  • RELIABLE – the examples used to illustrate the point must be verifiable, well supported, and appropriate.
  • REPRESENTATIVE – must represent the larger statistical or general portion of the concept/idea not an isolated experience