Midterms

• most often encountered in relation to the composition of mobile phases used in HPLC?

  Percentage Volume/volume

  (%v/v)
• normally used to express the content of active ingredient in liquid formulations such as injections, infusions and eyedrops?


  Percentage weight in volume (%w/v) 
• fundamental to calculations based on analytical data?

  dilution factors 
• is a common measure used to express the concentration of active ingredient in a formulation such as a cream or to express the content of a minor impurity in a drug substance?

  Percentage weight/weight (%w/w)
• It is a common measure used for impurities in drug substances, particularly heavy metals and solvents. 1 ppm is also 0.0001%w/w?

  Parts per million (ppm)
• mode of quantitative analysis which is based on the determination of the volume of a solution of known concentration (standard) required to react quantitatively with a solution of the substance to be analysed?

  titrimetric analysis
• The Substance to be analyzed is?

  Titrate/Analyte
• The reagent of known concentration which is added to the solution of the substance to be analyzed ?

  Titrant
• A plot of solution pH versus titrant volume during a titration?

  Titration curve
• The process of finding out the volume of the titrant required to react completely with a known volume of analyte under analysis ?

  Titration
• Auxiliary agents used to determine the end point of titration?

  Indicator
• is the point where the system changes when the moles of the reacting titrant exceed the moles of the substance being titrated?


  Endpoint
• is the exact point in a titration when the moles of titrant equal the substance being titrated.?

  Equivalence point
• It is a solution of definite concentration or of known strength?

  Standard Solution
• a.) It is extremely pure,

  b) Highly stable

  c) It is anhydrous

  d) It is less hygroscopic

  e) Has very high molecular weight

  f) Can be weighed easily

  g) Should be ready to use and available

  h) Should be preferably non toxic

  i) Should not be expensive

  Primary Standard
• a.)It has less purity than primary standard

  b) Less stable and more reactive than primary standard

  c) But its solution remains stable for a long time

  d) Titrated against primary standard

  Secondary Standard
• It is the smallest difference between equivalence point and end point.?

  Titration error
• It is a process whereby the concentration of a solution is determined by the known concentration of solution?

  Standardizaton