The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort
Mission of Public Health
Ensure conditions that promote the health of the community
Difference between Public Health and Clinical Medicine
Focuses on prevention rather than cure
Utilizes broad measures to protect large populations and communities not just individual patients
Does not rely on specific body of knowledge or expertise but on a combination of science and social approaches
Levels of Prevention
Primary Prevention (Health promotion and specific protection for general population)
Secondary Prevention (Early diagnosis and prompt treatment)
Tertiary Prevention (Limits or reduces the impact of the disease - rehabilitation)
Determinants of Health
Factors or conditions that has contribution to the health of a person
Primary Healthcare
Essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost the community or the country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-reliance and self determination
Four Pillars in Primary Healthcare
Community participation
Inter-sectoral coordination
Appropriate technology
Support mechanism made available
Community Participation
A process where the community people are engaged and participated in making decisions about their own health
Multi-sectoral Linkage
Coordination plays a vital role in performing different functions in attaining health services. Involves specialized agencies private sectors and departments, and public sectors in order for us to implement projects and programs in a community.
Appropriate Technology
Practical, effective and socially acceptable technologies that are accessible, affordable by community and national health systems, encourage self-reliance, and result from participatory processes
Support Systems
Training and HR development
Health education and promotion
Supervision and guidance
Monitoring and evaluation
Logistics/financial support
Restructuring of infrastructure and organization
Elements/Components of Primary Healthcare
Education about prevailing health problems and methods of prevention
Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases
Provision of essential drugs
Maternal and child health care; including family planning
Expanded immunization against major infectious diseases
Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition
Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries
Adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation
Levels of Health Care Facilities
Primary Health Care Facilities
Secondary Health Care Facilities
Tertiary Health Care Facilities
Levels of Primary Health Care Workers
Village of Grassroot Health Workers
Intermediate Level Health Workers
First Line Hospital Personnel
Universal Health Care
Three major dimensions of coverage: Population coverage, Service coverage, Financial coverage
All Filipinos are automatically included in the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP)
Population Coverage
Answers the questions: Who are the covered, Who will benefit from the financing
Service Coverage
Health care packages (population-based / individual based)
Midwives
First line hospital personnel
Midwives
Establish close contact; back up health services
Healthcare personnel with specialty in hospitals
Physician with specialty
Nurses
Dentists
Pharmacists
Other health professionals
Healthcare personnel with specialty in hospitals
Dentists
Medtechs
Pharmacists
The higher the level, the more qualified health personnel and more sophisticated health equipment
Universal Health Care
Three major dimensions of coverage: 1) Population coverage, 2) Service coverage, 3) Financial coverage
Population coverage
All Filipinos are automatically included in the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP)
Financial coverage
Proportion of the cost or health expenditure that will be covered by the pooled financing
Tend to reduce the people's out-of-pocket expenditure for health (mabawasan yung paglalabas ng pera ng pasyente)
Health service delivery types
Public or provide-wide or citywide health system
Private
Mix (composed of public and private healthcare providers and facilities)
Direct contributors (NHIP)
Members with capacity to pay premiums, or those gainfully employed or self-earning professionals or workers
Indirect contributors (NHIP)
Those whose PhilHealth premiums are subsidized by the government
Key areas of health regulation under the UHC Act
Safety and quality of health facilities and services
Affordability of health services, pharmaceuticals and medical devices
Equity in the development of health facilities and provision of health benefits
Sources of funding for Universal Health Care
Total incremental sin tax collections
50% of the National Government share from PAGCOR
40% of the Charity Fund, net of Documentary Stamp Tax payments and mandatory contributions of PCSO
Premium contributions of members
Annual appropriations of the DOH
National Government subsidy to Philhealth
Supplemental funding
Health financing functions
Revenue generation (raising and collecting resources to pay for health services)
Pooling of funds (redistributing risk and resources across population groups)
Purchasing of services (leveraging resources towards high-value services and desired provider performance)
Components of health care provider networks
Primary care provider networks (PCPNs) that serve as the initial point of contact and navigator of patients
Hospitals that deliver secondary and tertiary general health care services
Primary care policy framework
Primary Health Care Approach
People Centered Approach
Equity and Fairness
Healthcare workers should set effective avenues to work closely within the community
The impact is to have more responsive primary care to all Filipinos
Individual-based health services
Health interventions that can be accessed within a health facility or remotely, traced back to one recipient, and have limited effect at a population level. They do not alter the underlying cause of illnesses.
Population-based health services
Health interventions which have the population group as the recipient (population ang recipient or beneficiaries).