1 CONCEPTS

• Public Health


  The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort
• Mission of Public Health


  Ensure conditions that promote the health of the community
• Difference between Public Health and Clinical Medicine

  • Focuses on prevention rather than cure
  • Utilizes broad measures to protect large populations and communities not just individual patients
  • Does not rely on specific body of knowledge or expertise but on a combination of science and social approaches
• Levels of Prevention


  • Primary Prevention (Health promotion and specific protection for general population)
  • Secondary Prevention (Early diagnosis and prompt treatment)
  • Tertiary Prevention (Limits or reduces the impact of the disease - rehabilitation)
• Determinants of Health


  Factors or conditions that has contribution to the health of a person
• Primary Healthcare


  Essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost the community or the country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-reliance and self determination
• Four Pillars in Primary Healthcare

  • Community participation
  • Inter-sectoral coordination
  • Appropriate technology
  • Support mechanism made available
• Community Participation


  A process where the community people are engaged and participated in making decisions about their own health
• Multi-sectoral Linkage


  Coordination plays a vital role in performing different functions in attaining health services. Involves specialized agencies private sectors and departments, and public sectors in order for us to implement projects and programs in a community.
• Appropriate Technology


  Practical, effective and socially acceptable technologies that are accessible, affordable by community and national health systems, encourage self-reliance, and result from participatory processes
• Support Systems


  • Training and HR development
  • Health education and promotion
  • Supervision and guidance
  • Monitoring and evaluation
  • Logistics/financial support
  • Restructuring of infrastructure and organization
• Elements/Components of Primary Healthcare

  • Education about prevailing health problems and methods of prevention
  • Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases
  • Provision of essential drugs
  • Maternal and child health care; including family planning
  • Expanded immunization against major infectious diseases
  • Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition
  • Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries
  • Adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation
• Levels of Health Care Facilities

  • Primary Health Care Facilities
  • Secondary Health Care Facilities
  • Tertiary Health Care Facilities
• Levels of Primary Health Care Workers

  • Village of Grassroot Health Workers
  • Intermediate Level Health Workers
  • First Line Hospital Personnel
• Universal Health Care


  Three major dimensions of coverage: Population coverage, Service coverage, Financial coverage
• All Filipinos are automatically included in the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP)
• Population Coverage


  Answers the questions: Who are the covered, Who will benefit from the financing
• Service Coverage


  Health care packages (population-based / individual based)
• Midwives


  First line hospital personnel
• Midwives


  • Establish close contact; back up health services
• Healthcare personnel with specialty in hospitals

  • Physician with specialty
  • Nurses
  • Dentists
  • Pharmacists
  • Other health professionals
• Healthcare personnel with specialty in hospitals

  • Dentists
  • Medtechs
  • Pharmacists
• The higher the level, the more qualified health personnel and more sophisticated health equipment
• Universal Health Care


  Three major dimensions of coverage: 1) Population coverage, 2) Service coverage, 3) Financial coverage
• Population coverage


  All Filipinos are automatically included in the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP)
• Financial coverage


  Proportion of the cost or health expenditure that will be covered by the pooled financing
• Tend to reduce the people's out-of-pocket expenditure for health (mabawasan yung paglalabas ng pera ng pasyente)
• Health service delivery types


  • Public or provide-wide or citywide health system
  • Private
  • Mix (composed of public and private healthcare providers and facilities)
• Direct contributors (NHIP)


  Members with capacity to pay premiums, or those gainfully employed or self-earning professionals or workers
• Indirect contributors (NHIP)


  Those whose PhilHealth premiums are subsidized by the government
• Key areas of health regulation under the UHC Act

  • Safety and quality of health facilities and services
  • Affordability of health services, pharmaceuticals and medical devices
  • Equity in the development of health facilities and provision of health benefits
• Sources of funding for Universal Health Care

  • Total incremental sin tax collections
  • 50% of the National Government share from PAGCOR
  • 40% of the Charity Fund, net of Documentary Stamp Tax payments and mandatory contributions of PCSO
  • Premium contributions of members
  • Annual appropriations of the DOH
  • National Government subsidy to Philhealth
  • Supplemental funding
• Health financing functions


  • Revenue generation (raising and collecting resources to pay for health services)
  • Pooling of funds (redistributing risk and resources across population groups)
  • Purchasing of services (leveraging resources towards high-value services and desired provider performance)
• Components of health care provider networks

  • Primary care provider networks (PCPNs) that serve as the initial point of contact and navigator of patients
  • Hospitals that deliver secondary and tertiary general health care services
• Primary care policy framework

  • Primary Health Care Approach
  • People Centered Approach
  • Equity and Fairness
• Healthcare workers should set effective avenues to work closely within the community
• The impact is to have more responsive primary care to all Filipinos
• Individual-based health services


  Health interventions that can be accessed within a health facility or remotely, traced back to one recipient, and have limited effect at a population level. They do not alter the underlying cause of illnesses.
• Population-based health services


  Health interventions which have the population group as the recipient (population ang recipient or beneficiaries).
• Population-based health services


  • Health Promotion
  • Epidemiology and Disease Surveillance
  • Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in Health