WAVES

• Wave is a propagation of disturbance through a medium in which energy is transferred.
• A wave pulse is a simple disturbance
• a wave train is a series of disturbances created in a medium.
• Energy propagation by means of motion of a change in medium rather than the medium itself is called wave motion.
• Transverse Wave is a wave in which particles of the medium in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the wave’s movement.
• Longitudinal Wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction parallel to the direction of the wave.
• The sections of a longitudinal wave where the particles are crowded is called a compression
• the section where the particles are less crowded is called a rarefaction.
• Media is the means through which the wave travels from one point to another.
• Mechanical Wave is a wave that is not capable of transmitting energy through a vacuum.
• Mechanical wave needs a material/medium such as solid, liquid, or gas to transport its energy from one location to another.
• Examples of longitudinal waves are sound waves, tsunami waves, and earthquakes.
• Electromagnetic Wave is a type of wave that can transmit energy

  without any material or medium.
• Crest is the highest point of a wave.
• Trough is the lowest point of a wave.
• Amplitude is the maximum distance covered by a particle from its resting position
• Frequency is the number of waves passing through a given point during the interval of one second.
• The unit of frequency for frequency is is Hertz (Hz), credited to German physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz.
• Wavelength (λ)is the length of one complete cycle.
• Wavelength is the measure of the distance between a crest and the adjacent crest, or a trough and the adjacent trough in a transverse wave.
• Wave speed is a product of frequency and wavelength.
• Wave speed is typically calculated in meters per second.
• Sound Wave is a form of energy produced when air molecules vibrate and move in the pattern known as waves.
• Sound can travel in solid, liquid, and gas state of matter as a form of mechanical waves.
• The speed of sound depends on the density of the medium. Thus, sound waves travel the slowest through gases, faster through liquids, and fastest in solids.
• Pitch refers to our subjective impression of the “highness or lowness” of a tone. The sensation of the pitch depends upon the frequency of the waves received by the ear.
• A low-frequency vibrating source produces a sound with low pitch, while a high-frequency vibrating source produces a sound with high pitch.
• Loudness and Intensity of a sound wave refers to the amount of energy that is transported past a given area of the medium per unit of time.
• Sound Intensity is the amount of sound energy of a wave.
• Loudness is the sensation in the ear that the intensity of sound a wave produces.
• Tone refers to the sound quality. It depends on the combination of different frequencies of sound waves.
• Sound Quality depends on the complexity of its sound waves.
• Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation with frequencies ranging from 4 x 104 to 8 x 14 Hz.
• Light is responsible for the sense of sight.
• Light exists as both a wave and a particle; we call this the dual nature of light. (Isaac Newton)
• Opaque materials do not allow light waves to pass through.
• Translucent materials allow light to pass through but not in a straight

  path.
• Transparent materials allow light waves to pass through easily.
• Once a light has been produced, it will keep traveling in a straight line until hits something else.
• Reflection (the ability to bounce back)