14 markers

• How significant was the Glorious Revolution of 1688 in changing the power of the monarchy in Britain?

  • significant - limited monarch's power by law (1688 bill of rights) - short term
  • significant - birth of parliamentary democracy - laid basis for long term change (leading to electoral systems we have today)
  • limited - did not fully limit monarch's power
  • limited - parliamentary democracy was only for the more affluent in society, real change happened in reform acts
• How significant was the Magna Carta of 1215 in limiting the power of the monarchy?

  • significant - made the monarch subject to the law
  • significant - start of decreasing monarch power in long term, led to future legislation like Provisions of Oxford as well as the 1295 model parliament
  • limited - ignored by John so had little impact in short term
  • limited - monarch ultimately remained in charge
• How significant was the Norman Conquest of 1066 in increasing the power of the monarchy?

  • significant - feudal system = exchange of loyalty in return for land
  • significant - built castles to symbolise control and suppress rebellion
  • limited - power dependent on loyalty of nobles, who still held local power
  • limited - continued resistance (eg. York Rebellion led by Edgar Aetheling)
• How significant was the English Civil War in limiting the power of the monarchy?

  • significant - Charles I was executed leaving power vacuum in ST
  • significant - power shift towards parliament and people
  • limited - restoration of the monarchy highlighted the need for a king as a monarch was only abolished for 11 years
  • limited - the restoration meant the monarch still held power
• How significant was the execution of Charles I in changing the role of the monarchy?

  • significant - ended the era of a 'divine right' monarchy
  • significant - led to a commonwealth, military dictatorship ruled by Cromwell
  • limited - monarchy later restored with many former powers
  • limited - did not end monarchy permanently, Cromwell asked to be King in the Humble Petition
• How significant was the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 in restoring royal power?

  • significant: monarch reestablished as a strong powerful presence
  • significant: restoration restored many of the monarch's traditional powers
  • limited: balance of power shifted towards Parliament
  • limited: power was limited through the Declaration of Breda of 1660
• How significant was the Bill of Rights of 1688 in reducing the power of the monarchy?

  • significant: monarch needed Parliament's permission to pass laws and raise taxes, could not hold army in peacetime
  • significant: power shift towards Parliament, establishing parliamentary democracy
  • limited: monarch ultimately still ruled and was in charge
  • limited: many MPs appointed by King so not fully democratic, limited shift of power
• How significant was the influence of the Tudor monarchs in centralising royal power in the 16th century?

  • significant: Henry VII used the Star Chamber to discipline and assert control over nobles
  • significant: Henry VIII passed Act of Supremacy in 1534, furthering power through control of church
  • limited: reliance on cooperation of nobles and Parliament
  • limited: Pilgrimage of Grace
• How significant was Queen Victoria’s reign in changing the role of the monarchy?

  • significant: worked well with parliament, seeing it as her point of contact with the people
  • significant: image of a virgin queen showed dedication to her country
  • limited: ultimately the monarch still held the same role
  • limited: did not change her role as the monarch through presentation
• How significant was the impact of the 1832 Reform Act on the balance of power between the monarchy and Parliament?

  • significant: power shift towards Parliament
  • significant: extended the political nation so more people could vote and Britain starting to become more democratic - leading to further reform in long term
  • limited: the monarch still held power to veto legislation
  • limited: elections remained corrupt, with no secret ballot, and limited expansion of franchise actually occured
• How significant was the role of Parliament in controlling the monarchy by 2014?

  • significant: Parliament controls laws, taxation, and government.
  • significant: monarch acts on advice and direction from Parliament in cooperation with the Prime Minister
  • limited: monarch still holds some formal powers like opening parliament
  • limited: monarch more symbolic than truly holding power
• Explain the significance of the 1832 Reform Act.

  • significant - extended the franchise (right to vote)
  • significant - laid basis for future change (eg. chartism which led to further reform acts)
  • limited - suffrage was not universal
  • limited - the 1832 act did not truly bring change, but the ones in 1867 and 1884 did
• How significant was Simon de Montfort for the development of Parliament?

  • significant - Provision of Oxford meant parliament had to meet 3x a year
  • significant - laid basis for increased importance of Parliament in Stuart and Tudor times
  • limited - unsuccessful and ultimately didn't have the intended effect
  • limited - his actions were seen by some as rebellious rather than truly seeking political reform
• How significant were pressure groups such as CND and Greenpeace in the period 1980 to 2014?

  • significant: opposed governments and influenced them through actions that brought about negative publicity
  • significant: brought about some change
  • limited: didn't truly alter the nature of parliamentary power
  • limited: nuclear weapons and environmental problems are still a prominent issue