Animal Studies

• What does Lorenz's research suggest about organisms and attachments?

  Biological predisposition to attach
• Lorenz's experiment involved hatching goslings with their mother or in an incubator
• Lorenz divided the gosling eggs equally between two conditions.
• What did the goslings follow in Lorenz's experiment?

  First moving object
• Lorenz's findings support the view that attachments have a biological basis because they are adaptive
• Lorenz suggested that animals are programmed to imprint on the first moving object they see.
• Why do goslings imprint after a matter of minutes?

  Increased mobility
• Lorenz compared gosling imprinting to human attachment, suggesting babies form attachments later because they are born immobile
• How many rhesus monkeys were used in Harlow's 1958 study?

  8
• The monkeys were caged with wire mesh food-dispensing surrogates and cloth-covered surrogates
• Harlow's study aimed to investigate which surrogate would attract more attachment behaviors
• What did Harlow measure in his study?

  Time spent with surrogates
• The monkeys showed attachment behaviors towards a cloth-covered surrogate
• Harlow used a scary paper monster to test the monkeys' attachment behaviors
• What did the monkeys do when the scary monster appeared?

  Ran to cloth mother
• The monkeys were willing to explore novel toys with the cloth-covered surrogate but displayed phobias with the food-dispensing surrogate
• Monkeys raised with surrogate mothers displayed dysfunctional adult behavior
• Which surrogate did the monkeys prefer when exploring a room with novel toys?

  Cloth-covered
• What was the purpose of using two types of surrogates in Harlow's study?

  To test attachment behaviors