gross anatomy

• systematic circulation

  oxygen rich blood from left ventricle to body, deoxygenated blood from tissues to heart
• pulmonary circulation

  low oxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs, oxygenated blood to heart
• medial plane

  left and right side
• transverse plane

  superior and inferior
• assumptions when reading a CT or MRI in transverse plane

  anatomical, supine, looking from feet
• coronal plane

  anterior and posterior
• medial

  towards midline
• lateral

  away from midline
• superior


  above midline
• inferior

  below midline
• proximal

  above
• distal

  below
• ventral body cavities

  thoracic and abdominopelvic
• dorsal body cavities

  cranial and vertebral
• serous membrane


  delicate CT lining the organs and inner walls of body cavities. secretes lubrication
• pleura


  serous membrane that covers lings and lines the thoracic cavity
• visceral pleura


  covers the lungs
• parietal pleura

  lines thoracic walls, part of diaphram
• pleural cavity


  space between visceral and parietal pleurae
• the lungs are surrounded by pleura but are not inside the pleural cavity
• fibrous pericardium 


  covers heart and beginning of great vessels, attaches to the central tendon of the diaphram inferiorly
• parietal pericardium

  lines walls of fibrous pericardium and reflects onto the heart at the great vessels, continues as visceral pericardium
• visceral pericardium

  lines the surface of the heart
• pericardial cavity

  space between visceral and parietal pericardium, allows in a small amount of fluid to allow heart to beat in a frictionless environment
• the heart is surrouded by pericardium but is not in the pericardial cavity
• periotoneum

  continuous serous membrane that lines abdominopelvic cavities
• meninges


  membranes that surround, support and protect the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerve roots
• ipsilateral 


  same side
• contralateral 


  opposite side