Verbs

• Verbs


  Element expressing action or locating it in time through tense
• Phrasal verb


  Verb consisting of a main verb and one or more particles
• Stative Verbs


  Verbs expressing a state of mind or condition, not action
• Action Verbs


  Verbs showing physical or mental actions or state of being
• State of being verbs

  Verbs showing a state of existence or linking the subject with more information
• Aspect


  Determines whether a verb expresses a fact, an ongoing action, a completed action, or the end of an ongoing action
• Infinitives


  Unchanged form of a verb, occurring with the word 'to', functioning as a noun, adjective, or adverb
• Split Infinitive


  A sentence with an adverb inserted between 'to' and a verb
• Non-finite verbs


  Infinitives are verbs that do not express actions being performed by the subject of the clauses
• Progressive


  Expressing ongoing action
• Helping verbs


  Assists the main verb with tense, aspect, mood or voice.
• Present perfect form


  Structure: Has/have + subject + been + complement
• Question tags


  Turning statements into questions by adding a tag at the end
• Modal verbs


  Reveal intent rather than action in a sentence
• State of being verbs


  Describe the condition of people, things, places, and ideas
• Redundancy


  Using unnecessary repetition in language, like double negatives
• Low modality


  Shows less probability, importance, etc.
• High modality


  Shows a high degree of probability, importance, etc.
• Modal Verbs of Permission

  Used to ask or grant permission, e.g., could, may, shall, would
• Modal Verbs of Suggestion


  Used to make suggestions or give advice, e.g., could, might, must, should
• Modal Verbs of Ability

  Can show whether the subject is able to do something, e.g., can, cannot
• Linking Verb


  A verb that describes the state or condition of the subject.
• Indirect Object

  The recipient of the direct object.

  E.g., John gave (Adam) an apple.
• Finite Verbs


  a verb that has a subject and shows tense.

  E.g., John cooks carrots.
• Participle

  A verb form used as an adjective, to create verb tense, or to create the passive voice.
• Gerund

  A verb form that functions as a noun.
• Gerund

  maintains some verb-like properties and can take a direct object or be modified by a verb.
• Mood


  The form a verb takes to show how it is to be regarded (e.g., as a fact, a command, a wish, an uncertainty).
• Indicative mood


  states a fact or asks a question.
• imperative mood


  expresses an order.
• subjunctive mood


  shows a wish, a suggestion, a demand, or condition contrary to fact
• is

  Indicate existence or identity

  "He is a doctor." (Existence)
• Have


  indicate possession or ownership

  She has a car.
• Have

  indicate obligation or necessity
• Do

  emphasize an action

  "I do love watching movies." (Emphasis)
• Gerund


  Acts as a noun, often as the subject or object of a sentence
• Participle


  Functions as an adjective or part of a verb phrase

  
  

  Example: "The child, being sleepy, yawned loudly." (Here, "being sleepy" modifies "the child" and acts as an adjective.)
• Indirect Object


  The recipient of the direct object.

  Sarah gave John an apple and The vicar told us a fable.
• Transitive


  A verb that takes a direct object.

  
  

  Ask "Who" receives the direct object.
• Linking verbs


  Describes the state or condition of the subject.