Academic Writing

• Language is crucial for communication
• Academic text


  An example of a text produced for academic purposes, to meet the standard which the senior high school or college curriculum may require in order to develop students' strong command of the language set in an academic context
• Academic writing


  A process that starts with posing a question, problematizing a concept, evaluating and opinion, and ends in answering the questions or question posed clarifying the problem, and/or arguing for a stand
• Examples of academic writing

  • essay
  • concept paper
  • reaction paper
  • position paper
  • education reports
  • research paper
• Role


  • Refers to who you are as the writer, which is different depending on the context (e.g. writing a letter to a friend vs delivering a formal speech)
• Audience


  • Refers to the intended reader for one's piece of writing
• Purpose


  • Refers to the reason why a piece of writing is produced; these purposes may include informing, persuading, or arguing for something
• Format


  • Refers to the form most appropriate for one's piece of writing; this is shaped by one's purpose for writing and intended writing
• Formal


  Refers to how we use a different phraseology or words that we carefully choose to suit a particular idea or concept, avoiding a conversational tone.
• Impersonal

  
  

  Academic writing conveys a sense of non-familiarity and objectivity, maintaining a certain distance between the reader and the writer
• Structured

  
  

  Academic writing has certain structural elements that set it apart from other forms of writing
• Normalization (replacing an action word with a noun counterpart) should be avoided in academic writing
• Passive voice should be avoided in academic writing
• Uses Hedge Language

  
  

  Academic writing uses cautious, hedged language to sound objective and impersonal
• Academic Writing Conventions

  • Formal
  • Impersonal
  • Structured
  • Uses Hedge Language