India

• By how much has India's GDP increased by? 


  0.3 Trillion in 1990 to 2.1 Trillion in 2015
• What is India's HDI? 


  0.61
• What are India's main exports? 


  Services and Manufactured Goods
• Why has rapid economic growth led to increased inequality?

  More money gets spent on urban areas in order to attract FDI and TNCs. The wealth can be spent on education and quality of life. Rural states have higher rates of poverty which has led to health problems. Also children have to work instead of going to school making them illiterate and unable to escape the cycle of poverty.
• India's land mass in square kilometers 


  3.3 million km^2
• What countries does India border? 


  Pakistan, Nepal, China, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Myanmar and Sri Lanka is an island slightly south.
• How big is India's population? 


  1.27 billion
• What International bodies is India part of?


  World Trade Organisation, Commonwealth Indian Ocean Rim Association.
• what is happening to India's economy? 


  It is growing rapidly
• How is India divided?

  Divided in 29 areas. Over 50% of India's popluation lives in 6 of the provinces in the Northern fertile plains
• What is the Indian Diaspora and what is its effect?

  20 million Indians live abroad and in 2015 they sent back $72 billion in remittances.
• 2 reasons for uneven development in India

  2011 literacy was 64% in Bihar and 94% in Kerala. Life Expectancy gap is between 63 years to 75 years.
• Economic Core Regions 


  The most highly developed regions in a country
• Where is the economic core region in India

  4 regions in the north-west with lots industries and exports especially financial and technological industries in Bangalore. Also a line of western states.
• periphery

  parts of the country not in the economic core region
• What is it like in Bihar?

  -80% of people employed in agriculture

  -lack of jobs leads to lots of emigration

  -30.7% of migration to Delhi was from Bihar
• India is an emerging country
• What percentage of India's workforce where in what areas of employment in 2012? 


  In 2012, 49% of India's workforce employed in agriculture, 20% in manufacturing and 31% in services (this includes ICT and the quaternary)
• How much has India's economy grown each year in the last 20 years? 


  an average of 7% every year making it fastest growing economy in the world
• How has trade helped India's economy grow?

  Until the 1990's India was a relatively closed economy but when barriers to trade where reduced the levels of imports and exports increased so did India's economy.
• How has Foreign direct investment helped India's economy grow?


  Recent developments are owed to a rise of FDI which doubled to $34 million in 2014. India's government is keen to encourage FDI and most FDi is from TNC's (Transnational Corps') bit a small amount is from local businesses.
• How far has the fertility rate fallen from 1971 to 2015?

  In 1971 it was 5.2 and in 2015 2.3 just above replacement level fertility which is 2.1. It is the first country to introduce a policy designed to reduce fertility.
• How has the change in fertility and mortality affected India's demographic?

  The increase in the working age has lead to a lot of economic growth and the population of under 15's and over 65's has also decreased.
• How is the change in population distribution affecting India? 


  As more people move into the cities for better paid jobs there is a growing gap between the middle classes and lower class is growing as the level of urbanisation is at 30.9% in India far below the global average of 50%
• When did India become independent?


  1947
• How has technology benefited India? 


  It has led to the growth of it's ICT industry and now has the second largest wireless network in the world after china and 61 million broadband connections however 54% of these were in the core 5 states.
• Why is sustainability such an issue in India?

  India is home to 18% of the world's population and economic activity without sufficient regulation has led to pollution
• Water pollution in india


  less than 1/3rd of sewage in urban areas is treated leading to 275 rivers classified as polluted. Also industrial waste and agricultural runoff pollute rivers which are so vital to support India's growing population.
• Why is climate change an issue for India? 


  Since India relies so much on the monsoon and climate change can make that very erratic it is crucial that India stops climate change to preserve its agricultural sector.
• What is India's climate like? 


  The climate of India differs greatly from north to south. It also experiences a monsoon season that blows from the North East during the cooler months and reversed in the warmer months. The monsoon is vital but also can lead to flooding.
• Why is Mumbai so successful economically?


  It is the largest city in India and has many TNC's in it such as Disney, Bank of America and Volkswagen. It accounts for 40% of India's maritime trade and has the bank of India and 2 of the largest regional stock exchanges.
• How many people have migrated to Mumbai and what has this caused? 


  The city has attracted migrants from all over India and this has led to a very high pop. density, with 40% of the pop. living in slums.
• How has the changes in employment has affected the population distribution? 


  The fall of agricultural employment as new technology in the more advanced states means there is less demand for farm workers and a rise in the services means there has been a rise in rural to urban migration.
• How has aid helped India's economy grow?

  Historically India was was a big recipient of aid but now it has developed it gives out a lot of aid to countries like Sri Lanka, Bhutan etc. People who look at this say that this is a good argument for foreign aid helping countries developed.
• How has public investment helped India's economy grow?

  Every country relies on its public sectors like health transport education etc. and India relies especially on education to provide a well educated workforce for the ICT industry. India has privatised lots of its public services which has induced FDI but it's public sectors are lot larger than that of the USA and UK.
• How has education changed India recently?

  Education has become a high priority for the Indian government and it is free and compulsory for all children between 6-14. There is a strong private sector of education as well under government supervision and this has attracted a lot of FDI. The literacy rate rose from 65% in 2001 to 74% in 2011
• How has inequality changed in India?


  Although it's changing women have a generally low position in Indian society and this is a hindrance to development. Also elderly people feel left behind as they tend not to move to urban areas where quality of life is better and have missed out on the health and education benefits.
• India's relations with the UK 


  Since independence India's relations with the UK have grown warmer again and most of India's middle class speak English and many Indian people still emigrate to the UK. The UK also wants to outsource more to India and India is still and influential member of the commonwealth.
• Air pollution in India. 


  Air pollution reduces life expectancy by 3.2 years for the 660 million Indians that live in cities. Plant growth is affected as they struggle to grow in Ozone. In rural areas over a million deaths a year may be caused by the use of dung fires and paraffin stoves. The poor suffer the most from air pollution.
• India's problem with greenhouse gases 


  India's is the third largest emitter of CO2 in the world mainly because 4/5ths of India's power is produced by coal power stations. India wants to reduce emissions but it needs to produce power for billions and is set to build lots of renewable power sources and it needs to increase it's forests to create a carbon sink of 2.5-3 billion tonnes