p2

• How does the industry cause pollution?

  • Air pollution - smog, soot, ash - from burning fossil fuels which releases things ie CO2
  • Water pollution from the discharging of chemicals
  • Agriculture uses fertalisers which causes surface run off which can harm aquatic life
  • Waste in Landfill may cause soil pollution
  • Visual pollution may occur due to manufacturing plants affecting the landscape
• How does the industry cause destruction of habitats?

  • deforestation is done to build habitats
  • Transport is needed so roads must be built
  • Noise pollution affects wildlife in local area
• What is Torr quarry?

  • Limestone quarry in sommerset
• what are the advantages of torr quarry for the local area?

  • provides jobs
  • contributes 15 million pounds to the local econ
  • enviromentally friendly transport of limestone as they use trams and trains
• what are the disadvantages of torr quarry for the local area?

  • heavy machinery and explosives cause noise and dust pollution which disrupts people's daily lives
  • agricultural land is lost
  • hbitats are destroyed
• How can industries be made more sustainable?

  • Modern technology can be used to reduce emmisions from power plants
  • eliminate gases such as sulphur dioxide emmissions from power plants
  • set strict targets for water and air quality
  • impose heavy fines for industrial pollution incidents
• How can Toor quarry be made more sustainable?

  • Landscape 80 hectares with grass and trees so it blends in with the natural surroundings and provides habitat for wildlife
  • Monitor noice, vibration, dust emissions and water quality
  • prioritize rail transport to reduce the impact on local roads and communities
• How many people live in rural areas in UK?

  • 19% of the pop
• Why is the population in rural areas growing?

  • Due to counter urbanistation, natural increase and immagration
  • people are migrating for a better quality
• What are the largest rural area economys?

  • Retail trade
  • motorvehicle repair
  • a lot of people wrok from home and are willing to commute due to improving transport links
• What is happening to the population in the Scottish Highlands?

  • declining
  • due to outward migration and natural decrease
  • young people leave for economic and social opportunities
• what are the consequences of rural declien (cycle)

  1. young people leave for more ops
  2. employers struggle to recruit labour
  3. less investment causes businesses to shut
  4. less money and employment means that shops and services decline
  5. people notice the decline of quality of life, which forces young people to leave for more ops
• What is happening to the population in areas such as South Bucks

  • Increasing due to inward migration and natural increase
  • people may counterurbanise for a better quality of life, however they can still commute due to easy accesibility into London
  • younger population
  • more investment in local businesses and more jobs are available
• why does infrastructure in the UK need to be developed?

  • due to economic development, meaning there is a higher demand for rail, port and airport capacity
  • ports must expand to keep up with the growing econ
  • more transport networks are in need of refurbishment and investment due to the growing demand
• How are roads being developed in the UK?

  • In 2014, Gov invested money to fix road problems such as pot holes
  • They invested money to expand smart motorways such as the m4 in order to improve traffic
  • additional lanes where added to increase capacity
• how have railways been developed?

  • 25 billion investment in order to electrify railways
  • cross rail/lizzy line - improves connectivity on the M4 corridor and reduces congestion on the main London tube lines
  • HS2 is to imrove connectivity to the midlands
  • Lon -> Birmingham
• How are ports being developed?

  • bigger ports are needed for trade and ferry journeys in order to handle large container vessels and have direct links to global markets ie London Thames Gateway Port is lined to tilbury for trade
  • Largest port for cruises is in southhampton
• How are aiports being developed

  • Heathrow is being expanded by adding more runways to improve congestion and cappacity
  • Small airports such as Robinhood airport has reopened
• what are the see impacts of developing airports

  • Social - better connectivity and increased congestion
  • Economic - creates jobs and boosts the econ, however it is very expensive
  • Enviromental - more CO2 emmissions and more noise pollution
• What is the north and South divide?

  • The economic, social and cultural differences between south and north england
• what are the economic norht and south divide

  • cost of living, wealth, jobs
  • Ave earnings are higher in the south
  • house prices are higher in the south
  • disposable income in the south is 7 thousand more than in the north
• what is the social north and south divide?

  • health, population density, education , quality of life
  • healthcare is better in the south and ther is a longer life expectancy
• what is the cultural north and south divide?

  • accent, community, buildinga
• is the divide an accurate way to divide the UK?

  • it leaves out differences and anomolies such as Cheshire in the north
  • there are places in the south that are very deprived such as kent
  • there are these anomolies because the divide only considers the mean/average
• how can the northern powerhouse improve the divide?

  • this is based around large northern cities such as manchester and liverpool to promote regional strengths such as digital and creative industries
  • they also want to imrpove transport links to reduce travel times and encourage business relocations
• how can devolution of power imrpove thr divide?

  • more power is given to the local athority such as the mayor
  • this enables local govs to tailor to regeonal needs
  • the local leaders have a better understanding of priorities
• how can job creation in the north help the divide?

  • Many companies are opening offices in the north such as BBC and royal mail in order to provide more jobs and boost the economy
  • this can lead to the positive multiplier effect
• How has the UK history shaped its position in the wider world?

  • The british empire ruled 30% of land
  • we have maintained these links through forming the commonwealth - 56 countries
• How is the UK involved with global trade links?

  • The uk is involved with advanced manufacturing trade ie planes
  • The UK trades with EU and commonwealth countries
  • Also trades with the USA for fincance and tech services
  • In 2016 UK exported roughly 600 Billion pounds
• How is the UK involved with culture in the wider world

  • English is the most widely spoken language in the world
  • English tv, films and literature are popular
  • British musisions are popular worldwide
  • British sport such as football premier league is watched worldwide
  • Uk has taken in migrants from countries such as china and india
• How is UK's transport involved with the wider world

  • Channel tunnel connects UK to europe
  • Heathrow is one of the biggest and busiest int airports worldwide and serves as a gateway between continents
• How is the UK's electronic communication involved with the wider world?

  • the UKs advanced infrastructure supports fast communication with trading partners
  • Hubs such as Tech City in london drive innovation and attract international investment
  • The transatlantic internet traffic passes through UK to other countries
• Why is the commonwealth important?

  • began in 1949
  • helps trade and investment
  • supports cultural exchange - ie commonwealth cames
  • enables political cooperation
• why did people in the uk want to leave the eu?

  • the eu was meant to be a tradign partnership, however it began to determine political changes in the uk where no brits had a say so they voted to leave
  • this now means there is no longer a free market with the eu and there is no free movement of goods, services and labour