c1000-c1500 ( medieval period )

• when did pope innocent 11 end trail by ordeal?

  1215
• What is a wergild?


  fine payed to the victims family
• What is corporal punishment?

  physically hurting the criminal
• What did William the conqueror do to the law?

  he made it more centralised, it was dealt with nationally as well as locally
• What were tithings?

  a group of ten men ,over the age of 12, responsible for the others actions within The group
• What could criminals claim at the church when on the run?

  sanctuary
• What did William the conqueror build once he got power?

  casltes, in order to intimidate people to not commit crime
• What were the forest laws?

  Trees were not allowed to be cut down, people who lived In the forest could not own dogs or a bow and arrow
• Who Introduced The forest laws?

  William the conqueror
• Who was the ultimate judge In medeival England?

  God
• What was the punishment for treason in 1351?

  to be hung, drawn and quartered
• What was benefit of the clergy?

  claiming to be a churchman in order to be tried in more lenient church courts
• What years were the Normans?

  1066-1215
• What years were the Anglo-Saxons?

  1000-1066
• What years was the late medieval?

  1215-1500
• What was the name for 1000-1500?

  Medieval
• How did Saxon lords maintain control over their territories?

  Through a system of loyalty rewarded by gifts of money, power, or land
• What was the blood feud system in Saxon crime prevention?

  • Victim's family could retaliate against the offender's family
  • Retaliation could escalate over generations
  • This system ended in the later Saxon period
• What is wergild in the context of Saxon law?

  It is compensation paid to a victim or their family for harm inflicted
• What determined the amount of wergild to be paid?

  The specific amount varied based on the harm inflicted and the town
• What was the hue and cry system in Saxon policing?

  • Villagers were expected to scream if they saw a crime
  • They would chase the criminal together
  • It relied on community involvement
• What was a tithing in Saxon society?

  A group of ten men responsible for each other's actions
• What happened if one man in a tithing committed a crime?

  All members of the tithing would be fined
• What was the purpose of trial by ordeal in Saxon law?

  • To allow God to decide innocence or guilt
  • Multiple types included:
  • Trial by hot iron
  • Trial by hot water
  • Trial by cold water
  • Trial by blessed bread
• How did trial by hot iron determine guilt or innocence?

  If the wound healed, the accused was innocent; if infected, guilty
• What was the process of trial by hot water?

  The accused retrieved an object from boiling water, and their wounds were inspected later
• How did trial by cold water determine guilt or innocence?

  If the accused floated, they were guilty; if they sank, they were innocent
• What was the trial by blessed bread primarily used for?

  It was mainly used for clergy to determine guilt or innocence
• Was the Saxon system of law and order considered fair?

  • The fairness of the system is debated
  • It relied heavily on community involvement
  • Methods like trial by ordeal may seem arbitrary