c1700-c1900 ( industrial )

• What was the bloody code?

  50 capital crimes
• In 1723 what act increased the bloody code to 200 capital crimes?

  The Waltham Black Act
• What is smuggling?

  bringing goods into a country without paying duties
• What is highway robbery?

  Threatening/attacking travelers for them to surrender their valuables
• What is poaching?

  Taking animals or fish from land you do not own- 1723 black act made this a criminal offence
• Who was Elizabeth fry?

  A prison reformer, she Was influential about bringing around the 1823 gaols act
• What were the conditions of the gaols act?

  . Prisoners no longer kept in chains

  . Gaolers payed to prevent corruption

  . Female prisoners would be watched by female guards
• What year was the gaols act?

  1823
• Who were the tolpuddle martyrs?

  A group of farmers lead by loveless, formed a secret union in 1833. In 1834 they were found out and loveless and five others were sentenced to 7 years transportation.
• What year were the tolpuddle martyrs formed?

  1833
• What year were the tolpuddle martyrs found out?

  1834
• What was the punishment for the tolpuddle martyrs?

  7 years transportation
• Who formed the first police force?

  Robert Peel
• what year was the first police force in London formed?

  1829
• What did the 1856 police act require?

  All areas in country to have professional police force
• What year was the criminal investigations department set up?

  1878
• what did the criminal Investigations department do?

  developed new methods of identifying criminals such as fingerprints and handwriting
• Who was Henry Fielding?

  The founder of the bow street runners
• What year were the bow street runners founded?

  1748
• Who were the bow street runners?

  A team of volunteers who investigated crime scenes and searched for criminals
• Who were considered the forerunners of the modern police force?

  The Bow Street Runners
• When was Pentonville prison built?

  1840-1842
• What was special about Pentonville prison?

  it was run as separate prisons with individual cells
• What year did the bow street runners start to get payed by the government?

  1785
• What did Elizabeth fry and John Howard argue?

  Prisoners should live in decent conditions to reflect on their wrong doings
• What is the name for 1700-1900?

  Industrial Revolution
• What was the legal system characterized by harsh laws from 1700-1800 called?

  Bloody code
• What was the effect of the bloody code on recorded punishments and executions?

  It led to a greater number of recorded punishments and executions
• How did the centralization of government decisions affect law systems during this period?

  It made law systems fairer as punishments no longer differed from town to town
• What role did the central government play in crime recording during this period?

  It kept track of everything and recorded all crimes
• What was one consequence of greater efficiency in farming methods during this period?

  It supported a growing population
• How did a growing population contribute to crime during this period?

  More competition for resources often resulted in theft and violence
• What was a significant impact of industrialism on migration patterns?

  It reduced the need for farmers and increased the need for factory workers
• How did the migration of people into cities create opportunities for crime?

  Crowded conditions created competition for work and easier opportunities for theft
• What actions did people take in response to concerns about machines replacing human jobs?

  They protested by breaking machines and damaging factories
• What was the purpose of sending criminals to another country for manual labor?

  It served as punishment for their crimes
• Why did the bloody code become less popular towards the 19th century?

  Many believed the death penalty was too harsh for every crime
• Where were convicts commonly sent in the 19th century?

  Australia
• Why did Britain decide to use Australia as a colony for convicts?

  They lost their land in America after the American War of Independence
• When did the first colonists arrive in Australia?

  1787