Filtration, evaporation and crystallisation

• Mixture


  A combination of a liquid and an insoluble solid
• Solution


  A liquid with a soluble solid dissolved in it, where the soluble solid is the solute and the liquid is the solvent
• Filtration


  Pour mixture through filter paper with small holes to separate insoluble solids from liquid
• Filtration cannot separate soluble solids from liquids
• Evaporation


  Heat solution to cause solvent to evaporate, leaving behind dry crystals of solute
• Evaporation


  • Relatively quick and easy, but can cause thermal decomposition of some solids
• Crystallization


  Gently heat solution to evaporate some solvent, then allow to cool to form crystals which are filtered out
• Solids are less soluble at colder temperatures
• Crystals need to be dried after filtering