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• Disaster


  A sudden, calamitous occurrence that causes great harm, injury, destruction, and devastation to life and property. It disrupts the usual course of life, causing both physical and emotional distress such as an intense feeling of helplessness and hopelessness.
• Disaster


  • Two elements are affected - life (whether human or animal) and property. The effects vary - minor damage, major damage, total destruction, and the worst scenario - death.
• Disaster (FAO definition)


  A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.
• Disaster (UN definition)


  A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.
• Disasters are often a result of the combination of: the exposure to a hazard; the conditions of vulnerability that are present; and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce or cope with the potential negative consequences.
• Disasters can have impacts including loss of life, injury, disease and other negative effects on human physical, mental, and social wellbeing, together with damage to properties, destruction of assets, loss of services, social and economic disruptions, and environmental degradation.
• Categories of Disasters

  • Natural Disasters
  • Man-made Disasters
• Natural Disasters

  • A natural phenomenon is caused by natural forces, such as earthquakes, typhoon, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires, tornados, and extreme temperatures. They can be classified as rapid onset disasters and those with progressive onset, such as droughts that lead to famine.
• Man-made Disasters


  • Disasters caused by man are those in which major direct causes are identifiable intentional or non-intentional human actions. Subdivided into: Technological/industrial disasters, Terrorism/Violence, and Complex humanitarian emergencies.
• Technological/industrial disasters


  • Leaks of hazardous materials; accidental explosions; bridge or road collapses, or vehicle collisions; Power cuts
• Terrorism/Violence


  • Bombs or explosions; release of chemical materials; release of biological agents; release of radioactive agents; multiple or massive shootings; mutinies
• Complex humanitarian emergencies


  • Conflicts or wars and Genocide the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group.
• Risk


  The combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences
• Disaster Risk


  The potential (not actual and realized) disaster losses, in lives, health status, livelihoods, assets, and services which could occur in a community or society over some specified future time period.
• Disaster risk is the product of the possible damage caused by a hazard due to the vulnerability within a community. It should be noted that the effect of a hazard (of a particular magnitude) would affect communities differently.
• Disaster Risk


  • Determined by the presence of three variables: hazards (natural or anthropogenic); vulnerability to a hazard; and coping capacity linked to the reduction, mitigation, and resilience to the vulnerability of a community.
• Disaster Situations to Identify

  • typhoon
  • war conflicts
  • volcanic eruption
  • chemical leakages
  • vehicular accident
  • earthquake
  • drought
  • thunderstorms
  • tuberculosis
  • rainfall-induced landslide
  • floods in rivers and coastal areas
  • avalanche
  • tsunami
  • bomb explosion
  • house