Key psychologists

• AO1: Who was the leading psychologists associated with establishing the 11+ exam?

  Burt
• AO3: Who sound that studies of under-represented groups and issues may promote greater understanding to help reduce prejudice and encourage acceptance?

  Scarr
• AO3: Who claimed that sales of Coca-Cola and popcorn increased when images of the products were flashed on cinema screens too quickly for audiences to be aware of them (subliminal)?

  Packard
• AO1: Who are associated with the ideographic humanistic approach?

  Rogers and Maslow
• AO3: Who is associated with the ideographic psychodynamic approach?

  Freud
• AO1: Who is an example of an early nativist?

  Descartes
• AO1: Who is an example of an empiricist?

  Locke
• AO1: Who found three types of gene-environment interaction: passive, evocative and active?

  Scarr and McCartney
• AO1: Who said that 'free will is an illusion'?

  Skinner, and Freud agreed
• AO1: Who is associated with the ethnocentric strange situation?

  Ainsworth
• AO1: Who differentiated between an etic approach and an emic approach?

  Berry
• AO1: Who is associated with the alpha biased sociological theory of relationship formation?

  Wilson
• AO1: Who suggested that female biology has evolved to inhibit the fight or flight response and shifted towards the tend and befriend response?

  Taylor et al.
• AO3: Who suggested criteria researchers can follow to avoid gender bias?

  Worell and Remer
• AO3: Who studied the lack of women in executive positions and reflected on how their gender-related experiences influence their understanding of events?

  Dambrin and Lambert
• AO3: Who had two psychologists independently diagnose 100 patients using DSM and ICD criteria and found inter-rater reliability was poor?

  Cheniaux et al.
• AO3: Who found that around half of patients with a diagnosis also have a diagnosis of depression or substance abuse?

  Buckley et al.
• AO1: Whos family study found that MZ twins have a 48% shared risk of SZ, DZ twins have a 17% shared risk and siblings have a 9% shared risk?

  Grottesman
• AO1: Who studied 37,000 patients and found 108 separate genetic variations associated with increased risk; many coded for the dopamine neurotransmitter?

  Ripke et al.
• AO1: Who found a negative correlation between ventral striatum activity and overall negative symptoms?

  Juckel et al.
• AO1: Who found that patients experience auditory hallucinations recorded lower activation levels in the superior temporal gyrus and anterior cingulate gyrus?

  Allen et al.
• AO3: Who found a link between paternal age and risk of SZ, increasing from 0.7% in fathers under 25 to 2% in fathers over 50?

  Brown et al.
• AO1: Who developed the psychodynamic explanation for SZ based on patients' early experiences of 'schizophrenogenic mothers'?

  Fromm-Reichmann
• AO1: Who developed double-bind theory?

  Bateson et al.
• AO1: Who identified dysfunction of central control as a way to explain speech poverty?

  Frith et al.
• AO3: Who reviewed studies and concluded that 69% of all adult female inpatients with SZ and 59% of men had a history of physical and/or sexual abuse in childhood?

  Read et al.
• AO3: Who reviewed studies and found the clorpromazine was associated with better functioning and reduced symptom severity compared with placebo?

  Thornley et al.
• AO3: Who concluded that clozapine is more effective than typical antipsychotics?

  Meltzer et al.
• AO1: Who identified a range of strategies family therapists use to reduce the likelihood of relapse and readmission to hospital?

  Pharaoh et al.
• AO1: Who found that gene+ stress = schizophrenia (diathesis-stress model)?

  Meehl
• AO1: Who suggested it is possible to believe in biological causes of SZ and still practice CBT to relieve psychological symptoms, but this requires adopting an interactionist model?

  Turkington et al.
• AO3: Who studies children adopted away from schizophrenogenic mothers?

  Tienari et al.
• AO3: Who found that childhood sexual trauma was a diathesis and cannabis was a trigger?

  Houston et al.
• AO3: Who found that patients with a combination of medication & a psychological therapy showed lower symptom levels than those on just medication?

  Tarrier et al.
• AO3: Who used smallest space analysis and found that there was evidence of a distinct organised type but not a disorganised type?

  Canter et al.
• AO1: Who proposed two models of offender behaviour (the marauder and the commuter)?

  Canter and Larkin
• AO3: Who argued that the bottom-up approach is more objective and scientific than the top-down approach?

  Canter
• AO3: Who used smallest space analysis and found spatial consistency in the behaviour of killers, which is more noticeable for 'marauders'?

  Lundrigan and Canter
• AO3: Who surveyed police forces and found that advice provided by a profiler was judged useful in 83% of cases, but only accurate identification of an offender in just 3% of cases?

  Copson
• AO1: Who developed the atavistic form?

  Lombroso