research show impact of post-event info on recall of event

• is this for or against?

  against
• what did Loftus & Palmer's (1974) classical evidence offer?

  one explanation for inaccuracy of EWT is questioning by police after crime may alter witness's perception of event & thus effect what they recall
• what did Loftus & Palmer conduct research into?

  interaction between language & memory
• what did Loftus & Palmer find?

  a leading question that suggests more damage can change a witness's answer to that question
• what are the two reasons for witness's changing their answer?

  response bias factors

  memory representation is altered
• how do response bias factors change witness's answer?

  differences in speed estimates happen because critical word (hit/smashed) biases person's response
• how would a witness's response be biased?

  dangerous sounding word would bias them to higher guess in estimation of speed
• how does the alteration of memory representation change a witness's answer?

  some critical words would lead someone to have a perception of the event to be more serious than it was
• what do findings from experiments suggest?

  effect of leading questions altered participant's memory of event rather than being result of response bias
• how did this help in the 'smashed condition'?

  helped from memory of accident that appears quite severe & therefore generates memory that there was broken glass
• what do the two reasons witness's change answers suggest?

  memory is a complex event that is made of two sources of information
• what are the two sources of information?

  perception of original event

  additional external information
• what do the two sources of information suggest?

  whenever a witness is questioned (either by police, lawyers etc.) their recollection of event may actually be being distorted