norwich case study

• • site: land settlement is built on
• | site of norwich

  • either side of the river wensum
  • flat floodplain
• • situation: where settlement is located in regards to its surrounding features
• | situation of norwich

  • near the confluence of wensum & yare
  • Is close to london & Cambridge
• • connectivity: location’s ability to interact with other parts of the country
• | connectivity of norwich

  • originally well linked to london via roman road
  • railway to london that takes 2 hours
  • has international airport
• | CBD

  • little housing, oldest buildings eg norman castle
  • high rise towers
  • functions: retail, administrative offices, market place
  • EQA: few cars, some green, high noise pollution
• | inner city

  • 19th century terraced housing, small gardens
  • high density
  • functions: residential, some schools
  • EQA: more green, park
• | suburbs

  • 1930+, newer housing
  • semi detached, spread out
  • functions: residential, some schools
  • EQA: much more green, larger parks
• | rural urban fringe

  • newest housing with largest gardens, big, detached
  • Dispersed / spread out buildings
  • functions: some residential, airports, golf courses
  • EQA: lots of green, potentially less noise pollution
• • migration: movement from one place to another
• | migration in Norwich

  • international migration into Norwich
  • international migration out of norwich
  • National migration from another part of the UK
  • National migration to another part of the UK
• | international migration to norwich

  • mostly Eastern Europe
  • economic opportunities like better pay, more job opportunities, UK job shortages
  • strong common wealth
  • interest in education
• | migration to norwich

  • 60% from eastern region of UK
  • 25% students go UEA from outside UK
  • why?: UEA best for medicine
  • interest in education
• | national migration to norwich

  • mostly south end
  • why? Norwich popular retirement location near london
  • migrants move for work for finance industry
• | national migration from norwich

  • Yorkshire & south west
  • work transfers or study in universities
• | national migration to norwich

  • mostly 16-21 & some 40-60
  • students & retirees
• | national migration from norwich

  • Mostly 22-25
  • students qualify & finish courses so they move for work or go back home
• | impacts of migration

  • shops: increasing international shops & restaurants opening
• | impacts of migration

  • younger population: median age of 34 due to large student population at UEA
• | impacts of migration

  • multiculturalism: 15% don’t speak English as their first language
• | impacts of migration

  • pressure on services: N&N hospitals needs 200 beds in 4 years
  • 50% primary schools have 30+ students
• | impacts of migration

  • housing demand: new developments at anglia square
• | urban processes

  • urbanisation: developed during anglo saxon era
  • 1750 enclosure act forced people off common land & moved to cities for work in factories
• | urban processes

  • suburbanisation: 1920s, outskirts of norwich developed & neighbourhoods built
  • continued after 1945 as 3000 homes destroyed by bombs
• | urban processes

  • counter-urbanisation: trend amongst 30-40 year olds
  • remains in a commutable distance, meaning they travel to work there
• | urban processes

  • re-urbanisation: redevelopment of inner city like Riverside led to rise in population
• | industrial change

  • decentralisation: companies make goods all over world with different factories spread across several countries
• | industrial change

  • globalisation: businesses can have their factories in developing countries where labour costs are lower
• | industrial changes

  • technological advances: businesses keep in touch with modern tech, part of globalisation
• | impacts of deindustrialisation

  • Riverside affected by deindustrialisation; factories that line river are derelict
  • derelict buildings left are renewed by being converted into flats or entertainment facilities.
  • This has changed the land use to mainly residential.
• | impacts of deindustrialisation

  • edge of the CBD has seen the loss of a chocolate factory
  • led to development of new multi-story shopping centre
  • changed land use to mainly retail
• | impacts of deindustrialisation

  • UEA– university of East Anglia was formerly an area of agriculture, however with a growing economy based on ‘knowledge’ the university was set up
  • has led to a science park also being developed nearby
• | inequality in norwich

  • suffers from poor health & educational attainment
  • 32% children affected by income deprivation
  • 11% households experience fuel poverty
  • high male suicide rate
• | decline in CBD

  • high land values: discourages people from setting businesses due to prices
  • limited parking: expensive
  • Online shopping: online shops are able to offer more at cheaper prices; convenient, can shop 24 hours a day & get delivered when convenient
• • sustainability: ensuring people’s needs are met now & in the future
• | reducing inequality

  • national government advised Norwich to try & reduce inequalities by targeting residents who face highest levels of deprivation
  • this includes people who have ‘protected characteristics‘ under equality act 2010
• | reducing inequalities

  • local government helping RITAs (Reducing inequalities target areas)
• • number of unemployed in Norwich is 3%
• | recycling

  • Norwich City Council responsible for waste collection
  • Norwich has always had good reputation for recycling but recent statistics suggest rates have fallen slightly in recent years