2nd

• Cultural variety


  Different cultures represented in one location
• Diversity


  Cultural variety or different cultures represented in one location
• Elements of culture


  • Food
  • Language
  • Religion
  • Sports
• Cultural change


  Where cultural traits do not remain exactly the same over periods of time
• History


  A record of the past
• Scientific


  The methodological and theoretical rigor that sociology applies in its study of society and human behavior
• Society


  The product of human interactions as humans subscribe to the rules of their culture
• Institution


  Established when roles, statuses, and groups are perpetuated within the context of a society
• Social organization


  The interrelationship of parts of society
• Norms


  A set of accepted behaviors that define the individual's responses and inclinations
• Materialism


  A theory that states culture is said to be shaped by environment and technological conditions, and cultures evolve when people are able to increase the amount of energy under their control
• Cultural evolutionism


  A theory that states all cultures undergo the same development stages in the same order, with main classifications including savagery, barbarism, and civilization
• Anthropology


  The scientific study of humans, human behavior and societies in the past and present
• Sociology


  The scientific study of society, including patterns of social relationships, social interactions, and culture
• Sociology can also be defined as the general science of society
• Subdisciplines of sociology


  • Social organization
  • Social psychology
  • Social change and disorganization
  • Human ecology
  • Population or demography
  • Applied sociology
• Functionalist perspective


  Acknowledges that there are many parts of culture that work together as a system to fulfil society's needs, and views culture as a reflection of society's values
• Conflict theorists


  See culture as inherently unequal, based upon factors like gender, class, race, and age
• Interactionist


  Primarily interested in culture as experienced in the daily interactions between individuals and the symbols that comprise a culture
• There is no one "right" view through which to understand culture
• Material culture


  Includes all tangible and visible parts of culture, such as clothes, foods and buildings
• Nonmaterial culture


  Includes all intangible parts of culture, such as values, ideas and knowledge
• Enculturation


  The process of learning your own culture
• Acculturation


  The process of accommodating desirable traits from other cultures
• Deculturation


  Culture has been lost and even cultural traits themselves are in the process of being forgotten
• Culture is shared intergenerational
• Culture affects biology, as humans are born into cultures that have values on beauty and body, and they alter their bodies to fit physiological norms dictated by their culture
• Culture is a tool for survival that humans use in response to the pressures of their environment
• Culture is never static, it is always changing and adapting
• Culture


  Parts of culture, which consist of values, ideas and knowledge
• Culture


  • It is learned through family, school, church and other social institutions
  • It is shared intergenerational
  • It affects biology
  • It is adaptive
  • It is maladaptive
  • It changes
• Enculturation


  Process of learning your own culture
• Acculturation


  Process of accommodating desirable traits from other culture
• Deculturation


  Culture has been lost and even cultural trait itself is in the process of being forgotten
• To an extent, culture is a social comfort. After all, sharing a similar culture with others is precisely what defines societies. Nations would not exist if people did not coexist culturally. There could be no societies if people did not share heritage and language, and civilization would cease to function if people did not agree on similar values and systems of social control.
• Culture is preserved through transmission from one generation to the next, but it also evolves through processes of innovation, discovery, and cultural diffusion.
• We may be restricted by the confines of our own culture, but as humans we have the ability to question values and make conscious decisions. No better evidence of this freedom exists than the amount of cultural diversity within our own society and around the world.
• The more we study another culture, the better we become at understanding our own.
• Perspectives on Culture


  • Cultural Evolutionism
  • Diffusionism
  • Historicism
  • Psychological Anthropology
  • Functionalism
  • Neo-evolutionism
  • Materialism
• Subdisciplines of Anthropology


  • Archeology
  • Cultural Anthropology
  • Linguistic Anthropology
  • Physical Anthropology
  • Applied Anthropology