Henry VII foreign policy

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Created by
Lily Fox

Cards (15)

  • Henry VII foreign policy
    1. trade
    2. dynastic recognition
    3. national security
  • Henry VII foreign policy: TRADE
    -  60% increase in trade exports
    -  Magnus Intercursus, 1496 = ended trade embargo, free trade, no tariffs
    -  Malus Intercursus, 1506 = free trade for English merchants
    -  Cloth staple in Pisa, Italy
    -  Calais staple
    -  Trade deal w/ Hanseatic League
    -Customs increased (1485) 33k -> (1509) 40k
  • Henry VII foreign policy: TRADE (counterarguments)
    -  Hanseatic League (Navigation Acts = failed, treaties with Denmark & Norway = failed)
    -  Trade embargo with Burgundy, 1493-96 (could not expand to Antwerp wool cloth trade market)
    -  Malus Intercursus, 1506 = never ratified
    -Limited use of Navigation Acts
  • Henry VII foreign policy: DYNASTIC RECOGNITION
    -  Trade embargo with Burgundy = power
    -  Marriage of Margaret & James IV (Treaty of Perpetual Peace, 1502)
    -  Marriage of Arthur & Catherine, 1501
    -  Sought papal & HRE recognition
    -  Treaty of Étaples, 1492 = France would not support pretenders
    -  Needed support as a usurper
    -Henry 8th married CoA in 1509 (restored ties with Spain)
  • Henry VII foreign policy: DYNASTIC RECOGNITION (counterarguments)
    -  Arthur & Catherine marriage = short-lived (Arthur’s death)
    -  Scotland supported Warbeck
    -  Ireland supported Warbeck – crowned king
    -  Margaret of Burgundy supported pretenders
    -  League of Cambrai failure, 1508 (France pulled out to join Spain)
    -Already gained some recognition at Bosworth
  • Henry VII foreign policy: NATIONAL SECURITY
    -  Treaty of Medina del Campo, 1489
    -  Treaty of Ayton, 1497 = 7-year truce with Scotland (border security)
    -  Early treaties with France, Scotland & HRE
  • Henry VII foreign policy: NATIONAL SECURITY (counterarguments)
    -  Regular border raids & conflicts w/ Scotland
    -  Mostly domestic threats rather than gaining national security, eg. Simnel
    -  Auld Alliance caused issues
    -  1496 invasion of Warbeck
  • Henry VII foreign policy: SCOTLAND
    -  Treaty of Étaples 1492 w/ France -> better relations w Scotland (Auld Alliance)
    -  Peace of Ayton 1497 (initially 5 yrs, extended to 9 yrs; withdrawal of support & execution of Warbeck)
    -  Margaret (Henry VII’s daughter) married James IV (1502 Treaty of Perpetual Peace)
    -  Death of James III (1488) & minor status of James IV (15yrs old) = weakened Scotland
  • Henry VII foreign policy: SCOTLAND (counterarguments)
    -  Traditional enemy
    -  Initially supported Warbeck (1495) = married James’ cousin & given military aid
    -  Northern England invaded by Scotland (Warbeck) 1496-97
    -  Border raids = regular
  • Henry VII foreign policy: FRANCE
    -  Treaty at start of Henry’s reign
    -  3-year trade agreement signed 1486
    -  1492 war = Henry asserted claim to French throne -> France offered Treaty of Étaples 1492 (French Pension, promise not to aid rebels, esp Warbeck)
    -  Signed trade deal with France
  • Henry VII foreign policy: FRANCE(counterarguments)

    -  Relations suffered after England supported Brittany in Breton crisis (all Channel coast in French hands) -> Treaty of Redon w/ Brittany 1489
    -  England joined Holy League 1496 (agst France) but stayed neutral
    -  League of Cambrai (France, England, Netherlands agst Spain) failed 1508 when France pulled out & joined Spain
  • Henry VII foreign policy: BURGUNDY
    -  Supported in Castilian Succession Crisis 1504-06
    -  1506 – Philiip forced to seek shelter in England, negotiated Malus Intercursus (& England supported agst Aragon in CSC, Phil handed over Yorkist de la Pole)
    -  marriage agreement of Charles (Phil’s son) & Mary (Henry’s daughter) - DID NOT END UP HAPPENING
    -  Magnus Intercursus 1496 = ended trade embargo (1493-6), free trade w/ Burgundy (no tariffs or customs)
    -  Malus Intercursus 1506 = trade with Burgundy made free
  • Henry VII foreign policy: BURGUNDY (counterarguments)
    -  marriage agreement of Charles – Phil’s son – & Mary – Henry’s daughter (DID NOT END UP HAPPENING)
    - Margaret of Burgundy supported pretenders, eg. Warbeck  trade embargo (1493-96)
  • Henry VII foreign policy: SPAIN
    -  Treaty of Medina del Campo 1489 (marriage of Arthur & Catherine of Aragon)
    -  Henry 8th married CoA in 1509 (restored ties with Spain)
  • Henry VII foreign policy: SPAIN (counterarguments)
    -  Castilian Succession Crisis 1504-06
    -  League of Cambrai (France, England, Netherlands agst Spain) failed 1508 when France pulled out & joined Spain
    -  Navigation Acts = limited foreign control of English trade (Spain retaliated by banning export of Spanish goods on foreign ships)