Session 6

• Health


  The state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
• Prerequisites for health


  • Peace
  • Shelter
  • Education
  • Food
  • Income
  • Stable eco-system
  • Sustainable resources
  • Social justice
  • Equity
• Primary prevention


  Actions taken prior to onset of the disease, which removes the possibility that a disease/injury will occur
• Health promotion


  The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health
• Health promotion


  Involves the population as a whole in the context of their everyday lives
• Health promotion


  Different from disease prevention
• Health promotion interventions


  A wide range of activities aimed at reducing risks or threats to health
• Health promotion


  Often address social determinants of health, which influence modifiable risk behaviors
• Ecological model


  • Helps understand the dynamic interrelations among multiple levels of various personal and environmental factors that have influence on health behaviours
  • Refers to the fact that human health is influenced by ecological conditions
• The 1st International Conference on Health Promotion, meeting in Ottawa


  1986
• Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion


  Presented an action plan to achieve Health for All by the year 2000 and beyond
• Three strategies of the Ottawa Charter


  • Enable
  • Advocate
  • Mediate
• Five key action areas of the Ottawa Charter

  • Build healthy public policy
  • Create supportive environments
  • Strengthen community actions
  • Develop personal skills
  • Reorient health services
• The aim must be to make the healthier choice the easier choice
• The aim must be to take care of each other, our communities and our natural environment
• The aim must be the empowerment of communities - their ownership and control
• The aim must be providing information, education for health and enhancing life skills; increasing available options
• The aim must be the change of attitude and organization of health services, which refocuses on the total needs of the individual
• Health education


  Any combination of learning experiences designed to help individuals and communities improve their health by increasing their knowledge or influencing their attitudes
• 7 steps to planning a health education program

  • Identifying needs & priorities
  • Setting goals and objectives
  • Determining the best way to achieve the goals
  • Identifying resources
  • Planning evaluation method
  • Setting an action plan
  • Action