PMT

• What is the definition of capacity in memory?

  A measure of information stored in memory
• What does coding refer to in memory?

  Modification of information for storage
• How can information be coded for memory storage?

  As visual, acoustic, or semantic codes
• What is the definition of duration in memory?

  How long a memory can be stored
• What was the method used in Peterson and Peterson’s study on STM duration?

  Participants recalled a triad after counting down
• What did Peterson and Peterson use for their study?

  A nonsense consonant triad and a number
• What were the findings of Peterson and Peterson’s study on STM duration?

  • Recall decreased as retention interval increased
  • Duration of STM is limited without rehearsal
• What was the focus of Baddeley’s study on coding?

  Coding in LTM and STM
• What were the key findings of Baddeley’s study on coding?

  • Participants struggled with semantically similar words in LTM
  • Participants struggled with acoustically similar words in STM
  • Concluded LTM is encoded semantically and STM acoustically
• What is proactive interference?

  Past learning interferes with new learning
• What is retroactive interference?

  Current learning interferes with past recollection
• What were the findings of Goodwin’s study on state-dependent forgetting?

  • Recall was best when in the same state
  • Participants learned words either drunk or sober
• Who studied the case of HM?

  Scoville and Milner
• What was the outcome of HM's surgery?

  Unable to form new long-term memories
• What were the findings of Abernathy’s study on context-dependent forgetting?

  • Best recall occurred in familiar settings
  • Students tested by regular instructor performed better
• What are the components of the Cognitive Interview?

  • Mental reinstatement of events
  • Report everything
  • Change the order
  • Change perspective
• What was the method used in Johnson and Scott’s study on anxiety and EWT?

  Participants witnessed a man with a weapon
• What were the accuracy rates in Johnson and Scott’s study?

  49% in low anxiety, 33% in high anxiety
• What are the two types of declarative memory?

  • Semantic Memory
  • Episodic Memory
• What is procedural memory concerned with?

  Knowing how to do things automatically
• Who researched the effects of misleading information on EWT?

  Loftus and Palmer
• What did Tulving and Pearlstone study regarding retrieval failure?

  • Participants recalled 40% without cues
  • Recall improved to 60% with category cues
• What are cues in memory?

  Triggers that help recall memories
• What is semantic memory concerned with?

  Knowledge of facts and information
• What is episodic memory concerned with?

  Knowledge of life events and experiences
• What does eyewitness testimony refer to?

  Ability to remember witnessed events
• What is the significance of eyewitness testimony?

  • Crucial for legal proceedings
  • Can influence jury decisions