Diabetes

• Carbohydrates


  When digested, they release simple sugars like glucose
• Digestion of carbohydrates


  1. Releases simple sugars like glucose

  2. Glucose moves from small intestine into bloodstream
• Glucose


  An energy store that can be used in chemical reactions to produce ATP
• High glucose levels in blood for long periods


  Can cause damage to nerves and blood vessels
• Pancreas


  Organ that detects high blood glucose levels and releases insulin
• Insulin


  Hormone released by pancreas that triggers conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage in liver and muscles
• Glucagon


  Hormone released by pancreas that converts glycogen back to glucose
• Eating food


  Increases blood glucose level
• Increased blood glucose level

  Pancreas releases insulin
• Insulin reaching liver and muscles

  Triggers conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage
• Exercise causing low blood glucose level

  Pancreas releases glucagon
• Glucagon reaching liver and muscles

  Triggers conversion of glycogen to glucose
• Type 1 diabetes


  Body cannot produce insulin, usually due to immune system destroying pancreatic cells
• Type 2 diabetes


  Body cannot effectively use insulin or does not produce enough insulin
• Type 1 diabetes


  Usually begins in childhood, requires insulin injections
• Type 2 diabetes


  Usually occurs later in life, often linked to obesity, can be managed with diet, exercise, and medication
• Graphs show blood glucose and insulin levels throughout the day
• Increased blood glucose level


  Triggers release of insulin
• Increased insulin level


  Causes glucose to be converted to glycogen for storage, lowering blood glucose level