Reversible Reactions & Dynamic Equilibrium

• What are reversible reactions?

  Reactions that can proceed in both directions
• What does the term equilibrium refer to in reversible reactions?

  It refers to the state where reactants and products' concentrations remain constant
• What does a single arrow in a chemical reaction indicate?

  It indicates a one-way reaction
• What does a double arrow in a chemical reaction signify?

  It signifies a reversible reaction
• What is the forward reaction in the context of ammonium chloride?

  Ammonium chloride breaks down into ammonia and hydrogen chloride
• What is the backward reaction in the context of ammonium chloride?

  Ammonia and hydrogen chloride combine to reform ammonium chloride
• How do the rates of forward and backward reactions change over time?

  The forward reaction slows down while the backward speeds up
• What happens when the forward and backward reactions reach the same speed?

  The reaction is said to be at equilibrium
• What does it mean when a reaction is at equilibrium?

  Both reactions are happening but cancel each other out
• Can the concentrations of reactants and products be the same at equilibrium?

  No, they can be different but constant
• What does it mean if the equilibrium lies to the right?

  There are more products than reactants
• What does it mean if the equilibrium lies to the left?

  There are more reactants than products
• How can the position of equilibrium change?

  By altering conditions like temperature
• What happens when heat is added to a reversible reaction?

  It encourages the forward reaction
• What happens when the conditions of a reaction are cooled?

  It pushes the position of equilibrium to the left
• What is required for equilibrium to be reached in a reversible reaction?

  A closed system where reactants and products cannot escape
• What is the relationship between exothermic and endothermic reactions in reversible reactions?

  One direction is exothermic, the other is endothermic
• What does hydrated mean in chemistry?

  It means water is present
• What does anhydrous mean in chemistry?

  It means no water is present
• What happens when hydrated copper sulfate is heated?

  It drives the reaction to form anhydrous copper sulfate
• What happens when water is added to anhydrous copper sulfate?

  It drives the backward reaction to reform blue crystals
• What are the key points about reversible reactions?

  • Reversible reactions have a double arrow.
  • They can proceed in both forward and backward directions.
  • One direction is exothermic, the other is endothermic.
  • Equilibrium is reached when both reaction rates are equal.
  • Concentrations of reactants and products remain constant at equilibrium.
  • Position of equilibrium can shift based on conditions.
• What color are hydrated copper sulfate crystals?

  Blue
• What color is anhydrous copper sulfate?

  White
• What is the effect of temperature on the position of equilibrium?

  Temperature changes can shift the equilibrium position
• What is the significance of a closed system in reversible reactions?

  It prevents escape of reactants or products