Fractional Distillation

• What is the main topic of today's video?

  Separation of crude oil components
• What is crude oil primarily composed of?

  Mostly hydrocarbons
• What type of hydrocarbons are most common in crude oil?

  Alkanes
• How is crude oil formed?

  From remains of dead plants and animals
• What specific organisms contribute to the formation of crude oil?

  Plankton
• What conditions are necessary for the formation of crude oil?

  High pressures and temperatures
• What happens to crude oil after it forms?

  It soaks into rocks and is stored
• Why is crude oil considered a finite resource?

  It takes millions of years to form
• What term is used for fuels like coal, oil, and gas?

  Non-renewable fuels
• What process is used to separate hydrocarbons in crude oil?

  Fractional distillation
• What is the first step in fractional distillation of crude oil?

  Heat the oil until it turns to gas
• What happens to the gaseous mixture in the fractionating column?

  It cools and condenses into liquids
• Why do longer chain hydrocarbons condense earlier in the column?

  They have higher boiling points
• What is bitumen used for?

  Surfacing roads
• What fuels can be derived from shorter chain hydrocarbons?

  Diesel, petrol, and kerosene
• What does LPG stand for?

  Liquefied petroleum gas
• What are the main components of LPG?

  Propane and butane
• How do the flammability and chain length of hydrocarbons relate?

  Shorter chains are more flammable
• What is the purpose of cracking in relation to hydrocarbons?

  To break down longer hydrocarbons
• What are petrochemicals and their uses?

  • Substances derived from crude oil
  • Used as feedstock for:
  • Solvents
  • Lubricants
  • Polymers
  • Detergents
• What is the significance of the petrochemical industry?

  It uses petrochemicals as raw materials