Unit 3 Geography-Cultural Patterns and Processes

• material culture- the material objects that people use to express their identity, such as clothes, furniture, and jewelry.
• non-material culture- is the culture that is not physical, such as language, religion, and art.
• folk culture- the culture of the people, the culture of the ordinary people, the culture of the common people.
• pop culture- spread across region and is heterogeneous.
• cultural trait- a characteristic of a culture that is learned and transmitted from one generation to the next.
• ethnocentric: evaluating other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture.
• cultural landscape- a landscape that has been shaped by human activity and is considered to be of cultural value
• place- a locations physicals and cultural characteristics.
• placemaking- the process of creating a sense of place in a community.
• diffusion: all cultural phenomenon and idea in the world have started in a certain location and spread outwards from there.
• relocation diffusion: ideas spread though people physically moving and bringing culture with them.
• expansion diffusion: when innovation spread to new places while stating strong in their original locations.
• contagious diffusion: the cultural phenomenon spread rapidly to almost everyone.
• hierarchical diffusion: ideas spread starting with someone in power in society and spreading down the social hierarchy to some people.
• reverse hierarchical diffusion: ideas spread from less populated areas and smaller towns to up to larger cities and people of power.
• stimulus diffusion: the full idea does not spread, but the main or underlying idea spread.
• creolization: the process of mixing of culture trait, primarily language.
• lingua franca: language mutually understood by the members of society, but id different from native speakers.
• cultural divergence: people may start to leave their culture of abandon certain element of it.
• cultural convergence: people start having one mass, global culture.
• cultural Herth: a place where an idea, innovation, or civilization was born or started.
• Isogloss: a boundary that separates language regions.
• universalizing religion: reach as many people as possible.
• ethnic religions: stay close to home, within a specific group and don't seek converts.
• Braches: a large fundamental branch of religion.
• denomination: more localized subgroup of a religion, often with religious autonomy.
• monotheistic: believing in one god, not multiple gods or multiple aspects of one god.
• polytheistic: relating to or characterized by belief in or worship of more than one god
• assimilation: when a minority group eventually adopts the prominent culture, sometimes its forced.
• syncretism: blending and merging of different culture together.
• multiculturalism: a cultural diversity within a society, often because of immigration.
• Dialects: regional variances of language, usually due to geographic location.
• cultural relativism: evaluating a culture by its own standards and not by our own.
• acculturation: when a person adopted elements of a different culture usually the prominent one.