O1

• What was the initial belief of the German people about the First World War?

  They believed it would end quickly
• What led to the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II?

  Widespread unrest and protests
• When did Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicate?

  9th of November 1918
• Who took control of the government after the Kaiser abdicated?

  Friedrich Ebert
• What did Friedrich Ebert seek to achieve after taking control?

  End to the war
• When was the Armistice signed that marked Germany's surrender?

  11th of November 1918
• What were the economic impacts of the First World War on Germany?

  Germany was heavily in debt and factories exhausted
• How much did Germany's debt increase from 1914 to 1918?

  From 50 billion to 150 billion marks
• How many war widows were there after the war?

  600,000 war widows
• What social divisions were caused by the war in Germany?

  Factory owners profited while workers suffered
• How many soldiers were estimated to have been killed in the war?

  1.8 million soldiers
• What was the political impact of the war on Germany?

  Germany was left unstable and faced upheaval
• What was the "stab in the back" theory?

  Belief that politicians betrayed the military
• What was the role of Friedrich Ebert in the establishment of the Weimar Republic?

  He played a key role in its formation
• What did Ebert promise to civil servants to ensure stability?

  They would keep their positions
• What was the date of the first elections for the National Assembly?

  19th of January 1919
• What was the voter turnout for the National Assembly elections?

  82% voter turnout
• What was the significance of the National Assembly meeting in Weimar?

  It marked the establishment of the Weimar Republic
• Who was Friedrich Ebert?

  Leader of the Social Democratic Party
• What was the Bismarck Constitution's purpose?

  To draft a new governing framework for Germany
• What was a key feature of the Weimar Constitution regarding voting rights?

  All men and women over 21 could vote
• What powers did the president have under the Weimar Constitution?

  Control over the Army and appointing the chancellor
• What was the significance of Article 48 in the Weimar Constitution?

  Allowed the president to pass laws in emergencies
• What were the strengths of the Weimar Constitution?

  Democratic nature and proportional representation
• What was a weakness of the Weimar Constitution?

  Article 48 gave excessive power to the president
• What was the impact of coalition governments in the Weimar Republic?

  Led to instability and frequent changes in leadership
• What was the political environment like in Germany after the war?

  Tense with challenges from monarchists and communists
• What was the Treaty of Versailles?

  It imposed harsh terms on Germany after the war
• Why were the leaders of the Weimar Republic called "November criminals"?

  They were blamed for Germany's surrender
• What was the significance of the Weimar Constitution's proportional representation?

  Allowed diverse opinions but led to instability
• What was the economic situation in Germany post-war?

  Germany faced severe economic challenges and debt
• What were the social consequences of the war in Germany?

  Deep divisions and suffering among the population
• How did the war affect the political landscape in Germany?

  It led to instability and the rise of extremist parties
• What was the legacy of Friedrich Ebert after his presidency?

  Committed to democracy during a turbulent time
• What was the impact of the Weimar Constitution on German society?

  It aimed to create a democratic government structure
• What challenges did the Weimar Republic face from the far left and far right?

  Opposition from communists and monarchists
• What type of government did the Weimar Constitution promote?

  Democracy
• What was a consequence of the Weimar Constitution during crises?

  It led to unstable coalition governments
• What years did the post-war problems occur in Germany?

  1919 to 1923
• Why was the Weimar Republic unpopular from the beginning?

  Association with Germany's surrender in WWI