MODULE 4

• public speaking involves communicating information before a large audience
• What makes public speaking different than, say, just talking to a crowd of people, is in the way information is conveyed
• in public speaking, the information is purposeful and meant to inform, influence or entertain a group of listeners
• Four time-tested Principles of Effective Public Speaking

  Material, Message, Method, and Manners
• Material refers to the topic, which can be about your experiences, observations, inspirations, or anything you are interested to talk about
• Message refers to the content or the main point of your speech, which can be supported by personal stories or anecdotes
• When you are developing your message, it is very important to know the needs, beliefs, and values of your audience so that you can engage with them easily in your speech
• Once you have connected with your audience, it will be easy for you to convey your message according to your goal or purpose: to inform, to entertain, or to persuade
• methods of delivery

  manuscript speech, memorized speech, impromptu speech, extemporaneous speech
• manuscript speech


  delivered by speakers who intend to read aloud their speech word for word to their audience
• manuscript speakers will have difficulty in grabbing the attention of and connecting with their audience
• memorized speech


  delivered by speakers who intend to memorize their speech word for word. This occurs when one delivers a declamation or oratorical piece for a contest during a gathering
• impromptu speech


  delivered by speakers who are suddenly asked or requested by someone or a group of people to say a few words about something
• memorized speech


  Some common problems that you can encounter using this

  method are time and commitment to memorize, memory

  lapses, awkward or unnatural delivery, eye contact, and

  audience rapport, among others
• in impromptu speech, you have trouble in organizing and finding the appropriate words for your thoughts
• extemporaneous speech 


  delivered by speakers who intend to present a well-crafted speech. That speech is fully prepared and perfectly rehearsed ahead of time
• extemporaneous speech 


  During your delivery, you may need some notes, not for you to read but for you to be guided
• Glossophobia, or a fear of public speaking, is a very common phobia and one that is believed to affect up to 75% of the population
• How to overcome a fear of public speaking:

  1. When you’re preparing, think about your audience
  2. Right before you speak, refocus your brain
  3. While you’re speaking, make eye contact
• Manners in speech refer to the ethical standards in delivering a speech in public
• manners in speech:

  observe ethnically sound goals, prepare all the time, tell the truth, be sensible and sensitive
• Observe ethically sound goals 


  Avoid criticizing your family, friends, and other people or teachers, promoting mass destruction, for instance, hacking
• prepare all the time


  You have a full responsibility to yourself and to your audience when you are asked to deliver a speech. So, in order to fulfill it, you have to be prepared
• tell the truth


  Be accurate with your sources and data. Acknowledge the author of your borrowed ideas including quotes, songs, phrases, and statistics, among others
• be sensible and sensitive

  Your audience come from different backgrounds, so as much as possible, respect their identity, affiliation, religion, beliefs, values, preferences, and orientation through your language and gesture
• COMPONENTS OF SPEECH:

  1. Introduction - Attention getter, Relevance of the topic to the audience, Self-Introduction (optional), Thesis statement
  2. Body - three parts of main idea (two supporting detail under), conclusion
• Non-verbal communication is a behavior that conveys and represents meanings. All kinds of human responses that are not expressed in words are classified as non-verbal communication
• IMPORTANCE OF MASTERY OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION:

  1. It enhances and emphasizes the message of your speech.
  2. It can communicate all feelings, attitudes, and perceptions as well as express anything without saying a word.
  3. It can sustain attention of listeners and keep them engaged in the speech.
  4. It makes you more dynamic and animated in your delivery.
  5. It can build connections with listeners.
  6. It makes you credible as a speaker.
  7. It serves as a channel to release tensions and nervousness
• non-verbal communication


  Instead of written or oral words, it relies on various non-verbal cues
• aspects of non-verbal communicaton

  facial expressions, body movements, posture, eye contact, paralanguage, proxemics, clothing and appearance
• It has been well-documented that culture and communication are intimately linked. The same goes for non-verbal communication – it’s joined to culture at the hip
• A target audience is the person or group of people your speech is intended to reach
• Audience analysis is the process of looking into the behavior, values, beliefs, or even the culture of the audience
• audience analysis 


  This is done before your presentation. By doing so, you will know what not to say, how to say it, and when to say it.
• two most common types of speech

  informative and persuasive
• An informative speech provides information about a specific subject to an audience. The main goal of an informative speech is to provide enlightenment regarding a specific topic the audience knows nothing about
• A persuasive speech is a specific type of speech in which the speaker has a goal of convincing the audience to accept his or her point of view. The speech is arranged in such a way as to hopefully cause the audience to accept all or part of the expressed view